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Nowadays, weather forecasts are commonly generated by ensemble forecasts based on multiple runs of numerical weather prediction models. However, such forecasts are usually miscalibrated and/or biased, thus require statistical…

Applications · Statistics 2024-12-13 David Jobst

Precipitation forecasts are less accurate compared to other meteorological fields because several key processes affecting precipitation distribution and intensity occur below the resolved scale of global weather prediction models. This…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-04-21 Rüdiger Brecht , Alex Bihlo

While numerical weather prediction (NWP) models are essential for forecasting thunderstorms hours in advance, NWP uncertainty, which increases with lead time, limits the predictability of thunderstorm occurrence. This study investigates how…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-02-20 Kianusch Vahid Yousefnia , Tobias Bölle , Christoph Metzl

Improving the representation of precipitation in Earth system models (ESMs) is critical for assessing the impacts of climate change and especially of extreme events like floods and droughts. In existing ESMs, precipitation is not resolved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Michael Aich , Sebastian Bathiany , Philipp Hess , Yu Huang , Niklas Boers

Weather forecasting has seen a shift in methods from numerical simulations to data-driven systems. While initial research in the area focused on deterministic forecasting, recent works have used diffusion models to produce skillful ensemble…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Martin Andrae , Tomas Landelius , Joel Oskarsson , Fredrik Lindsten

The increasing frequency of extreme weather events due to global climate change urges accurate weather prediction. Recently, great advances have been made by the \textbf{end-to-end methods}, thanks to deep learning techniques, but they face…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Shaohan Li , Hao Yang , Min Chen , Xiaolin Qin

Weather forecasts sit upstream of high-stakes decisions in domains such as grid operations, aviation, agriculture, and emergency response. Yet forecast users often face a difficult trade-off. Many decision-relevant targets are functionals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Paulius Rauba , Viktor Cikojevic , Fran Bartolic , Sam Levang , Ty Dickinson , Chase Dwelle

Seamless forecasts are based on a combination of different sources to produce the best possible forecasts. Statistical multimodel postprocessing helps to combine various sources to achieve these seamless forecasts. However, when one of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-17 Markus Dabernig , Aitor Atencia

Uncertainty quantification is crucial to decision-making. A prominent example is probabilistic forecasting in numerical weather prediction. The dominant approach to representing uncertainty in weather forecasting is to generate an ensemble…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Lizao Li , Rob Carver , Ignacio Lopez-Gomez , Fei Sha , John Anderson

Recently, deep learning has emerged as a promising tool for statistical downscaling, the set of methods for generating high-resolution climate fields from coarse low-resolution variables. Nevertheless, their ability to generalize to climate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Jose González-Abad , Jorge Baño-Medina

We introduce an ensemble learning post-processing methodology for probabilistic hydrological modelling. This methodology generates numerous point predictions by applying a single hydrological model, yet with different parameter values drawn…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-07 Georgia Papacharalampous , Demetris Koutsoyiannis , Alberto Montanari

Rainfall ensemble forecasts have to be skillful for both low precipitation and extreme events. We present statistical post-processing methods based on Quantile Regression Forests (QRF) and Gradient Forests (GF) with a parametric extension…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-07 Maxime Taillardat , Anne-Laure Fougères , Philippe Naveau , Olivier Mestre

Weather forecasts are typically given in the form of forecast ensembles obtained from multiple runs of numerical weather prediction models with varying initial conditions and physics parameterizations. Such ensemble predictions tend to be…

Applications · Statistics 2017-01-13 Sebastian Lerch , Sandor Baran

Precipitation prediction plays a crucial role in modern agriculture and industry. However, it poses significant challenges due to the diverse patterns and dynamics in time and space, as well as the scarcity of high precipitation events. To…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-01-19 Xinzhe Li , Sun Rui , Yiming Niu , Yao Liu

Amounts of historical data collected increase and business intelligence applicability with automatic forecasting of time series are in high demand. While no single time series modeling method is universal to all types of dynamics,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-04-18 Evaldas Vaiciukynas , Paulius Danenas , Vilius Kontrimas , Rimantas Butleris

Weather forecasting is mostly based on the outputs of deterministic numerical weather forecasting models. Multiple runs of these models with different initial conditions result in forecast ensembles which is are used for estimating the…

Applications · Statistics 2015-07-21 Sándor Baran , András Horányi , Dóra Nemoda

Numerical weather predictions (NWP) are systematically subject to errors due to the deterministic solutions used by numerical models to simulate the atmosphere. Statistical postprocessing techniques are widely used nowadays for NWP…

We proposed a general Principal Orthogonal complEment Thresholding (POET) framework for large-scale covariance matrix estimation based on an approximate factor model. A set of high level sufficient conditions for the procedure to achieve…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-07-31 Jianqing Fan , Han Liu , Weichen Wang

The configuration of physical parameterization schemes in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models plays a critical role in determining the accuracy of the forecast. However, existing parameter calibration methods typically treat each…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Heping Fang , Bingdong Li , Peng Yang

Ensemble weather predictions typically show systematic errors that have to be corrected via post-processing. Even state-of-the-art post-processing methods based on neural networks often solely rely on location-specific predictors that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Sebastian Lerch , Kai L. Polsterer
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