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Imminent impactors are natural bodies discovered in space before impacting the Earth. They provide a rare opportunity to characterize individual near-Earth objects (NEOs) in great detail as asteroids in space, meteors in Earth's atmosphere…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-09 Ian Chow , Mario Jurić , R. Lynne Jones , Kathleen Kiker , Joachim Moeyens , Peter G. Brown , Aren N. Heinze , Jacob A. Kurlander

1I/2017 U1 (`Oumuamua), a recently discovered asteroid in a hyperbolic orbit, is likely the first macroscopic object of extrasolar origin identified in the solar system. Here, we present imaging and spectroscopic observations of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-20 Quan-Zhi Ye , Qicheng Zhang , Michael S. P. Kelley , Peter G. Brown

There is an unceasing incoming flux of extraterrestrial materials reaching the Earth's atmosphere. Some of these objects produce luminous columns when they ablate during the hypersonic encounter with air molecules. A few fireballs occur…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-29 E. Peña-Asensio , J. M. Trigo-Rodríguez , A. Rimola

Meteors are important phenomenon reflecting many properties of interplanetary dust particles. The study of their origin, mass distribution, and orbit evolution all require large data volume, which can only be obtained using large meteor…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-11 Z. Li , H. Zou , J. Liu , J. Ma , Q. Meng , Y. Cai , X. Zhao , X. Li , Z. Tu , B. Zhang , R. Wang , S. Wang , F. Lu

Objects gravitationally captured by the Earth-Moon system are commonly called temporarily captured orbiters (TCOs), natural Earth satellites, or minimoons. TCOs are a crucially important subpopulation of near-Earth objects (NEOs) to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-05 P. M. Shober , T. Jansen-Sturgeon , E. K. Sansom , H. A. R. Devillepoix , P. A. Bland , M. Cupák , M. C. Towner , R. M. Howie , B. A. D. Hartig

We investigate the observation of meteors with video cameras in stratospheric balloons, overcoming tropospheric handicaps like weather and extinction. We have studied the practical implementation of the idea, designed and tested…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-25 Francisco Ocaña , Alejandro Sánchez de Miguel , ORISON team , Daedalus Project

On 2020 September 18 US Government sensors detected a bolide with peak bolometric magnitude of -19 over the western Pacific. The impact was also detected by the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) instrument on the GOES-17 satellite and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-05 David L. Clark , Paul A. Wiegert , Peter G. Brown , Denis Vida , Aren Heinze , Larry Denneau

During the planet formation process, billions of comets are created and ejected into interstellar space. The detection and characterization of such interstellar comets (also known as extra-solar planetesimals or extra-solar comets) would…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-28 Nathaniel V. Cook , Darin Ragozzine , Mikael Granvik , Denise C. Stephens

Based on telescopic observations of Jupiter-family comets (JFCs), there is predicted to be a paucity of objects at sub-kilometre sizes. However, several bright fireballs and some meteorites have been tenuously linked to the JFC population,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-07 P. M. Shober , T. Jansen-Sturgeon , P. A. Bland , H. A. R. Devillepoix , E. K. Sansom , M. C. Towner , M. Cupák , R. M. Howie , B. A. D. Hartig

Meteors carry important and indispensable information about the interplanetary environment, which can be used to understand the origin and evolution of our solar system. We have developed a Multi-station Meteor Monitoring ($\rm M^3$) system…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-15 Z. Li , H. Zou , J. Liu , J. Ma , X. Zhao , X. Li , Z. Tu , B. Zhang , R. Wang , S. Wang , Marco Xue

I review those properties of the interstellar medium within 15 light-years of the Sun which will be relevant for the planning of future rapid ($v /ge 0.1c$) interstellar space missions to the nearest stars. As the detailed properties of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-10-26 Ian A. Crawford

During the formation and evolution of the Solar System, significant numbers of cometary and asteroidal bodies were ejected into interstellar space$^{1,2}$. It can be reasonably expected that the same happened for planetary systems other…

The extraordinary weather conditions available between February and March 2022 over Spain have allowed us to analyze the brightest fireballs recorded by the monitoring stations of the Spanish Meteor Network (SPMN). We study the atmospheric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-29 Eloy Peña-Asensio , Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez , Albert Rimola , Marc Corretgé-Gilart , Detlef Koschny

Simultaneous optical and ionosonde detections of meteors offer a great opportunity to measure the transient physical properties of the meteor's ionization trail. One of the key parameters of the ionization trail is its true geometric height…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-05-06 L. Deme , Cs. Szárnya , V. Barta , A. Igaz , K. Sárneczky , B. Csák , N. Opitz , N. Egei , J. Vinkó

In a recent preprint, Fernando et al. (2024) used public data from infrasound stations to constrain the localization of the fireball of the CNEOS 2014-01-08 (IM1) bolide. The analysis inferred a 90-percent-confidence ellipse with semi-minor…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-13 Abraham Loeb

Comparing how an asteroid appears in space to its ablation behavior during atmospheric passage and finally to the properties of associated meteorites represents the ultimate probe of small near-Earth objects. We present observations from…

The Global Meteor Network (GMN) utilizes highly sensitive low-cost CMOS video cameras which run open-source meteor detection software on Raspberry Pi computers. Currently, over 450 GMN cameras in 30 countries are deployed. The main goal of…

Asteroid 1I/'Oumuamua is the first observed interstellar object. Its light-curve amplitude indicates that the object is highly elongated with an axis ratio of at least 5:1. The absence of such elongated asteroids in the Solar system, as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-08 Dmitrii E. Vavilov , Yurii D. Medvedev

The first interstellar object to be observed in our solar system 1I/2017 U1 'Oumuamua combines the lack of observable cometary activity with an extra-gravitational acceleration. This has given rise to several mutually exclusive explanations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-21 Eirik Grude Flekkøy , Joachim Brodin

Meteoroids entering the Earth's atmosphere can be observed as meteors, thereby providing useful information on their formation and hence on their parent bodies. We developed a data reduction software package for double station meteor data…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-24 A. Margonis , A. Christou , J. Oberst