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Material arriving at our solar system from the Galaxy may be detected at Earth in the form of meteors ablating in our atmosphere. Here we report on a search for interstellar meteors within the highest-quality events in the Global Meteor…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-26 Paul Wiegert , Vanessa Tran , Cole Gregg , Denis Vida , Peter Brown

On July 28, 2006 the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences recorded the spectrum of a faint meteor. We confidently identify the lines of FeI and MgI, OI, NI and molecular-nitrogen N_2…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 V. L. Afanasiev , V. V. Kalenichenko , I. D. Karachentsev

In October 2017, the first interstellar object within our solar system was discovered. Today designated 1I/'Oumuamua, it shows characteristics that have never before been observed in a celestial body. Due to these characteristics, an…

Space Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Adam Hibberd , Andreas M. Hein , T. Marshall Eubanks

We report the identification of two previously unrecognized interstellar meteor candidates in the NASA CNEOS fireball database. Using the empirically calibrated low-discrepancy uncertainty model of Pe\~na-Asensio et al.\ (2025) for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-10 Richard Cloete , Abraham Loeb

On Aug 22, 2016, a bright fireball was observed by the Desert Fireball Network in South Australia. Its pre-atmosphere orbit suggests it was temporarily captured by the Earth-Moon system before impact. A search was conducted two years after…

The stellar halo contains some of the oldest stars in the Milky Way galaxy and in the universe. The detections of `Oumuamua, CNEOS 2014-01-08, and interstellar dust serve to calibrate the production rate of interstellar objects. We study…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-14 Amir Siraj , Abraham Loeb

Since 2017, two macroscopic interstellar objects have been discovered in the inner Solar System, both of which are distinct in nature. The first interstellar object, 1I/`Oumuamua, passed within $\sim63$ lunar distances of the Earth,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-04-04 Darryl Z. Seligman , Amaya Moro-Martín

Comets and asteroids have long captured human curiosity, and until recently, all documented examples belonged to our Solar System. That changed with the discovery of the first known interstellar object, 1I/2017 U1 ('Oumuamua), in 2017. Two…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-03 Josep M. Trigo-Rodríguez , Damya Souami , Maria Gritsevich , Marcin Wesołowski , Gennady Borisov

Meteoroids originating from the local interstellar medium, traverse the solar system. This has been proven by in situ measurements by interplanetary spacecraft as well as highly sensitive radar measurements. Early attempts to detect…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Landgraf

Stellar occultations have been used to search for Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud objects. We propose a search for interstellar objects based on the characteristic durations ($\sim 0.1 \mathrm{s}$) of their stellar occultation signals and high…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-04 Amir Siraj , Abraham Loeb

Small asteroids and large meteoroids frequently impact the Earth, though their physical and material properties remain poorly understood. When observed as fireballs in Earth's atmosphere, these properties can be inferred from their ablation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-18 Ian Chow , Peter G. Brown

We report the first-time recovery of a fresh meteorite fall using a drone and a machine learning algorithm. A fireball on the 1st April 2021 was observed over Western Australia by the Desert Fireball Network, for which a fall area was…

Comet 2I/Borisov, the first unambiguous interstellar comet ever found, was discovered in August 2019 at $\sim3$ au from the Sun on its inbound leg. No pre-discovery detection beyond 3 au has yet been reported, mostly due to the comet's…

I show that a dedicated space telescope with a meter-size aperture can detect numerous interstellar objects, 10-m in diameter, that pass within ~20 degrees from the Sun. Separating the emitted thermal radiation from the reflection of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-13 Abraham Loeb

After a decade of great progress in understanding gas flow into, out of, and through the Milky Way, we are poised to merge observations with simulations to build a comprehensive picture of the multi-scale magnetized interstellar medium…

With the advent of more and deeper sky surveys, the discovery of interstellar small objects entering into the Solar System has been finally possible. In October 19, 2017, using observations of the Pan-STARRS survey, a fast moving object,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-23 Jorge I. Zuluaga , Oscar Sanchez-Hernandez , Mario Sucerquia , Ignacio Ferrin

We investigate the trapping of interstellar objects during the early stages of star and planet formation. Our results show a very wide range of possible values that will be narrowed down as the population of interstellar objects becomes…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-26 Amaya Moro-Martín , Colin Norman

Until now, only two Interstellar Objects (ISOs) have been discovered: 1I/'Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov. Despite a limited amount of observations, they present high scientific interest for the research community. In order to further analyze these…

Space Physics · Physics 2022-09-07 Laia López Llobet , Andreas M. Hein

Aims. The knowledge of the orbits and origins derived from meteors is important for the study of meteoroids and of the early solar system. With an increase in nano-satellite projects dedicated to Earth observations or directly to meteor…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-15 Hongru Chen , Nicolas Rambaux , Jérémie Vaubaillon

The recently discovered first high velocity hyperbolic objects passing through the Solar System, 1I/'Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, have raised the question about near term missions to Interstellar Objects. In situ spacecraft exploration of these…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-05 Andreas M. Heina , T. Marshall Eubanks , Manasvi Lingam , Adam Hibberd , Dan Fries , Jean Schneider , Pierre Kervella , Robert Kennedy , Nikolaos Perakis , Bernd Dachwald