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Related papers: Attractors for Flow Observables in 2+1D Bjorken Fl…

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We explore theoretical uncertainties in the hydrodynamic description of relativistic heavy-ion collisions by examining the full non-linear causality conditions and quantifying the second-order transport coefficients' role on flow…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-06-09 Cheng Chiu , Chun Shen

The expansion of the fireball created in relativistic heavy ion collisions is described using the 3+1D hydrodynamical model. Experimentally observed transverse momentum spectra at different rapdities, elliptic flow and HBT correlations of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-11-20 Piotr Bozek , Iwona Wyskiel

The splitting of elliptic flow measured in different regions of the momentum space of produced hadrons has been recently studied in transport models and proposed as a sensitive probe of the angular momentum carried by the fireball produced…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-10-21 Tribhuban Parida , Sandeep Chatterjee

We propose a new approach to initialize the hydrodynamic fields such as energy density distributions and four flow velocity fields in hydrodynamic modeling of high-energy nuclear collisions at the collider energies. Instead of matching the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-06-09 Michito Okai , Koji Kawaguchi , Yasuki Tachibana , Tetsufumi Hirano

We discuss the use of the hydrodynamic model for the description of the evolution of dense matter formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. The collective flow observed in heavy-ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-19 Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski

Partonic matter produced in the early stage of ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions is assumed to be composed mainly of gluons, and quarks and antiquarks are produced at later times. The comparable hydrodynamic simulations of…

Using anisotropic hydrodynamics, we examine the existence of early-time attractors of non-conformal systems undergoing Bjorken expansion. In the case of a constant mass, we find that the evolution of the scaled longitudinal pressure is…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-05-01 Mubarak Alqahtani

The hydrodynamic attractors paradigm aims to explain the applicability of hydrodynamics after a very short timescale in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC in terms of the emergence of universal behavior across different…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-25 Michal P. Heller , Clemens Werthmann

Relativistic heavy ion collisions have reached energies that enable the creation of a novel state of matter termed the quark-gluon plasma. Many observables point to a picture of the medium as rapidly equilibrating and expanding as a nearly…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2011-07-19 James L. Nagle , Ian G. Bearden , William A. Zajc

We compute the time evolution of elliptic flow in non-central relativistic heavy-ion collisions, using a (2+1)-dimensional code with longitudinal boost-invariance to simulate viscous fluid dynamics in the causal Israel-Stewart formulation.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Huichao Song , Ulrich W. Heinz

We develop a set of kinetic equations for hydrodynamic fluctuations which are equivalent to nonlinear hydrodynamics with noise. The hydro-kinetic equations can be coupled to existing second order hydrodynamic codes to incorporate the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-02-01 Yukinao Akamatsu , Aleksas Mazeliauskas , Derek Teaney

In the initial stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, strong magnetic fields appear due to the large velocity of the colliding charges. The evolution of these fields appears as a novel and intriguing feature in the fluid-dynamical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-06-03 Victor Roy , Shi Pu , Luciano Rezzolla , Dirk Rischke

Study of thermal particle production is crucial to understand the space-time evolution of the fireball produced in high energy heavy-ion collisions. We consider thermal particle production within the framework of relativistic viscous…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-07-20 Lakshmi J. Naik , Sunil Jaiswal , K. Sreelakshmi , Amaresh Jaiswal , V. Sreekanth

"Attractor" solutions for the pre-hydrodynamic, far-from-equilibrium, evolution of the matter produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions have emerged as crucial descriptors of the rapid hydrodynamization of quark-gluon plasma (QGP).…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-04-22 Krishna Rajagopal , Bruno Scheihing-Hitschfeld , Rachel Steinhorst

We consider the dynamics of an expanding superfluid modeled by Mueller-Israel-Stewart theory coupled to a complex scalar field with a $U(1)$ symmetry that is spontaneously broken. This is a manageable theoretical setting for explorations of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-03-19 Alexander Soloviev , Michał Spaliński

In the context of the longitudinally boost-invariant Bjorken flow with transverse expansion, we use three different numerical methods to analyze the emergence of attractor solutions in an ideal gas of massless particles exhibiting constant…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-12-21 Victor E. Ambrus , Sergiu Busuioc , Jan A. Fotakis , Kai Gallmeister , Carsten Greiner

The one-dimensional non-boost-invariant evolution of the quark-gluon plasma, presumably produced during the early stages of heavy-ion collisions, is analyzed within the frameworks of viscous and anisotropic hydrodynamics. We neglect…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-12-21 Wojciech Florkowski , Radoslaw Ryblewski , Michael Strickland , Leonardo Tinti

We investigate the attractor of spin density in relativistic spin hydrodynamics using Zubarev's non-equilibrium statistical operator formalism in the spin probe limit. We derive the (0+1)D Bjorken flow equations and the associated attractor…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-27 Qi Zhou , Duan She , Ben-Wei Zhang , Enke Wang

Extending the quantum effective approach of Son and Nicolis and incorporating dissipation, we develop a MIS formalism for describing a superfluid out of equilibrium by including the Goldstone boson and the condensate together with the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-05-05 Toshali Mitra , Ayan Mukhopadhyay , Alexander Soloviev

The quark-gluon plasma created in a relativistic heavy-ion collisions possesses a sizable pressure anisotropy in the local rest frame at very early times after the initial nuclear impact and this anisotropy only slowly relaxes as the system…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-03-27 Michael Strickland