Related papers: Physical Zero-Knowledge Proof for Ball Sort Puzzle

We propose a new model of provenance, based on a game-theoretic approach to query evaluation. First, we study games G in their own right, and ask how to explain that a position x in G is won, lost, or drawn. The resulting notion of game…

Here, we present a variant of the sliding coins game. Two coins are placed on distinct squares of a semi-infinite linear board with squares numbered $0, 1, 2, dots, $. Two players take turns and move a coin to a lower unoccupied square.…

We report on progress in modelling and solving Puzznic, a video game requiring the player to plan sequences of moves to clear a grid by matching blocks. We focus here on levels with no moving blocks. We compare a planning approach and three…

We discuss the game of Zombie Dice, published by Steve Jackson Games. This game includes green, yellow, and red dice. Each die has brain, footprint, and shotgun symbols on it, with each color of dice having a different amount of each…

We introduce CUT, the class of 2-player partition games. These are NIM type games, played on a finite number of heaps of beans. The rules are given by a set of positive integers, which specifies the number of allowed splits a player can…

We consider a two-player zero-sum stochastic differential game in which one of the players has a private information on the game. Both players observe each other, so that the non-informed player can try to guess his missing information. Our…

We will describe a combinatorial game that models the problem of resolution of singularities of algebraic varieties over a field of characteristic zero. By giving a winning strategy for this game, we give another proof of the existence of…

In imperfect-information games, subgame solving is significantly more challenging than in perfect-information games, but in the last few years, such techniques have been developed. They were the key ingredient to the milestone of superhuman…

This paper presents a short and simple proof of the Four-Color Theorem that can be utterly checkable by human mathematicians, without computer assistance. The new key idea that has allowed it and the global structure of the proof are…

In the generalized Russian cards problem, Alice, Bob and Cath draw $a$, $b$ and $c$ cards, respectively, from a deck of size $a+b+c$. Alice and Bob must then communicate their entire hand to each other, without Cath learning the owner of a…

Zero-knowledge proofs have always provided a clear solution when it comes to conveying information from a prover to a verifier or vice versa without revealing essential information about the process. Advancements in zero-knowledge have…

To cater to the needs of (Zero Knowledge) proofs for (mathematical) proofs, we describe a method to transform formal sentences in 2x2-matrices over multivariate polynomials with integer coefficients, such that usual proof-steps like…

The four-color conjecture has puzzled mathematicians for over 170 years and has yet to be proven by purely mathematical methods. This series of articles provides a purely mathematical proof of the four-color conjecture, consisting of two…

We describe and axiomatize finite solitaire puzzles and zero sum sequential games graph theoretically. Zermelo's theorem telling that there is a win for one of the players or a draw follows from the definitions. The god number is a…

In a two-player zero-sum graph game the players move a token throughout a graph to produce an infinite path, which determines the winner or payoff of the game. Traditionally, the players alternate turns in moving the token. In {\em bidding…

We discuss winning possibilities of players in various variants of cops and robber game played on large random graphs, a testbed for various kinds of network queries, search problems in particular. We explore the use of logic frameworks to…

Physically disentangling entangled objects from each other is a problem encountered in waste segregation or in any task that requires disassembly of structures. Often there are no object models, and, especially with cluttered irregularly…

The article introduces a notion of a stochastic game with failure states and proposes two logical systems with modality "coalition has a strategy to transition to a non-failure state with a given probability while achieving a given goal."…

Many of the famous single-player games, commonly called puzzles, can be shown to be NP-Complete. Indeed, this class of complexity contains hundreds of puzzles, since people particularly appreciate completing an intractable puzzle, such as…

In the present paper we consider one class of zero-sum games with discontinuous payoffs which may have no solutions in the sets of pure or mixed strategies. We show that, however, the solution always exists in the set of so-called $\mathcal…