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A longstanding goal of biology is to identify the key genes and species that critically impact evolution, ecology, and health. Network analysis has revealed keystone species that regulate ecosystems and master regulators that regulate…
Modern maize breeding relies upon selection in inbreeding populations to improve the performance of cross-population hybrids. The United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service reciprocal recurrent selection…
Black Sigatoka disease (BSD), also known as black leaf streak disease, is an airborne fungal infection caused by \textit{Pseudocercospora fijiensis} that severely impacts global banana and plantain production. Its persistence and resistance…
Genomic and proteomic methods yield networks of biological regulatory interactions but do not provide direct insight into how those interactions are organized into functional modules, or how information flows from one module to another. In…
RNA's diversity of structures and functions impacts all life forms since primordia. We use calorimetric force spectroscopy to investigate RNA folding landscapes in previously unexplored low-temperature conditions. We find that Watson-Crick…
Climate change, increase in world population and the war in Ukraine have led nations such as the UK to put a larger focus on food security, while simultaneously trying to halt declines in biodiversity and reduce risks to human health posed…
Human activity is leading to changes in the mean and variability of climatic parameters in most locations around the world. The changing mean has received considerable attention from scientists and climate policy makers. However, recent…
The purpose of this paper is to present a model of a phenomenon of plant stem morphogenesis observed by Cesar Gomez-Campo in 1970. We consider a simplified model of auxin dynamics in plant stems, showing that, after creation of the original…
Atomic substitution provides a controlled route to engineer lattice dynamics in low-symmetry two-dimensional materials. Here, by combining polarization-resolved Raman spectroscopy and first-principles calculations, we investigate the…
We report on the observation of a change in the bend angle of an RNA kissing complex upon Rop binding using single-molecular-pair FRET. The angular relationship between the dyes, rather than the distance between them, is shown to be…
Gene duplication is believed to play a major role in the evolution of genomic complexity. The presence of a duplicate removes the constraint of natural selection upon the gene, leading to its likely loss of function or, occasionally, the…
In this perspective article, a clinically inspired phenotype-driven experimental approach is put forward to address the challenge of the adaptive response of solid cancers to small-molecule targeted therapies. A list of conditions is…
Current models of animal evolution focus on selection of individuals, ignoring the much faster selection of symbiotic bacteria. Here we take host-symbiont interactions into account by introducing a Population Genetics-like model of…
Bacterial chemotaxis systems are as diverse as the environments that bacteria inhabit, but how much environmental variation can cells tolerate with a single system? Diversification of a single chemotaxis system could serve as an…
The first in situ quantitative synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD) study of plastic strain-induced phase transformation (PT) has been performed on $\alpha-\omega$ PT in ultra-pure, strongly plastically predeformed Zr as an example, under…
Plants are dynamic systems that are integral to our existence and survival. Plants face environment changes and adapt over time to their surrounding conditions. We argue that plant responses to an environmental stimulus are a good example…
The study of how photosynthetic organisms convert light offers insight not only into nature's evolutionary process, but may also give clues as to how best to design and manipulate artificial photosynthetic systems -- and also how far we can…
We seek models for the genotype evolution of agricultural animals, animals involved in primary production processes. Classical models for genotype evolution have tended to be very simple in order that analytic methods may be employed in…
The application of nonthermal plasma in agriculture has emerged as a sustainable and eco-friendly method to enhance seed vigor, germination, and crop productivity. This study investigates the effects of atmospheric pressure plasma treatment…
Rubisco, probably the most abundant protein in the biosphere, performs an essential part in the process of carbon fixation through photosynthesis thus facilitating life on earth. Despite the significant effect that Rubisco has on the…