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Continual fine-tuning of Large Language Models (LLMs) is hampered by the trade-off between efficiency and expressiveness. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offers efficiency but constrains the model's ability to learn new tasks and transfer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Chenxu Wang , Yilin Lyu , Zicheng Sun , Liping Jing

Offline Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning seeks to train agents to reach specified goals from previously collected trajectories. Scaling that promises to long-horizon tasks remains challenging, notably due to compounding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Anthony Kobanda , Waris Radji , Mathieu Petitbois , Odalric-Ambrym Maillard , Rémy Portelas

Distributed optimization is fundamental to modern machine learning applications like federated learning, but existing methods often struggle with ill-conditioned problems and face stability-versus-speed tradeoffs. We introduce fractional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Andrei Lixandru , Marcel van Gerven , Sergio Pequito

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for specialized domains often necessitates a trade-off between acquiring domain expertise and retaining general reasoning capabilities, a phenomenon known as catastrophic forgetting. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xiyang Zhang , Yuanhe Tian , Hongzhi Wang , Yan Song

Adversarial robustness is essential for security and reliability of machine learning systems. However, adversarial robustness enhanced by defense algorithms is easily erased as the neural network's weights update to learn new tasks. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Xiaolei Ru , Xiaowei Cao , Zijia Liu , Jack Murdoch Moore , Xin-Ya Zhang , Xia Zhu , Wenjia Wei , Gang Yan

Deep learning is typically performed by learning a neural network solely from data in the form of input-output pairs ignoring available domain knowledge. In this work, the Constraint Guided Gradient Descent (CGGD) framework is proposed that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Quinten Van Baelen , Peter Karsmakers

In this paper, we investigate the framework of Online Convex Optimization (OCO) for online learning. OCO offers a very powerful online learning framework for many applications. In this context, we study a specific framework of OCO called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Deepan Muthirayan , Jianjun Yuan , Pramod P. Khargonekar

Recent studies on transfer learning have shown that selectively fine-tuning a subset of layers or customizing different learning rates for each layer can greatly improve robustness to out-of-distribution (OOD) data and retain generalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Junjiao Tian , Xiaoliang Dai , Chih-Yao Ma , Zecheng He , Yen-Cheng Liu , Zsolt Kira

Continual learning is an emerging paradigm in machine learning, wherein a model is exposed in an online fashion to data from multiple different distributions (i.e. environments), and is expected to adapt to the distribution change.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Binghui Peng , Andrej Risteski

This paper considers the decision-dependent optimization problem, where the data distributions react in response to decisions affecting both the objective function and linear constraints. We propose a new method termed repeated projected…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Zifan Wang , Changxin Liu , Thomas Parisini , Michael M. Zavlanos , Karl H. Johansson

Machine learning models are widely used for real-world applications, such as document analysis and vision. Constrained machine learning problems are problems where learned models have to both be accurate and respect constraints. For…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Guillaume Perez , Sebastian Ament , Carla Gomes , Arnaud Lallouet

Catastrophic forgetting is one of the most critical challenges in Continual Learning (CL). Recent approaches tackle this problem by projecting the gradient update orthogonal to the gradient subspace of existing tasks. While the results are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Cheng Chen , Ji Zhang , Jingkuan Song , Lianli Gao

Recent years have seen considerable progress in the continual training of deep neural networks, predominantly thanks to approaches that add replay or regularization terms to the loss function to approximate the joint loss over all tasks so…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Timm Hess , Tinne Tuytelaars , Gido M. van de Ven

Continual learning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) aims to sequentially acquire knowledge while mitigating catastrophic forgetting, yet existing methods face inherent limitations: architecture-based approaches incur additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yuehao Liu , Shanyan Guan , Weijia Zhang , Xuanming Shang , Yanhao Ge , Wei Li , Chao Ma

Continual/lifelong learning from a non-stationary input data stream is a cornerstone of intelligence. Despite their phenomenal performance in a wide variety of applications, deep neural networks are prone to forgetting their previously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Ali Abbasi , Parsa Nooralinejad , Vladimir Braverman , Hamed Pirsiavash , Soheil Kolouri

Recent advances in large language models have highlighted the critical need for precise control over model outputs through predefined constraints. While existing methods attempt to achieve this through either direct instruction-response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Zhouhong Gu , Xingzhou Chen , Xiaoran Shi , Tao Wang , Suhang Zheng , Tianyu Li , Hongwei Feng , Yanghua Xiao

The stability-plasticity dilemma is a major challenge in continual learning, as it involves balancing the conflicting objectives of maintaining performance on previous tasks while learning new tasks. In this paper, we propose the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Haneol Kang , Dong-Wan Choi

Recent data-privacy laws have sparked interest in machine unlearning, which involves removing the effect of specific training samples from a learnt model as if they were never present in the original training dataset. The challenge of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Tuan Hoang , Santu Rana , Sunil Gupta , Svetha Venkatesh

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables efficient fine-tuning of large language models but suffers from catastrophic forgetting when learned updates interfere with the dominant singular directions that encode essential pre-trained knowledge. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yifeng Xiong , Xiaohui Xie

Continual or Lifelong Learning aims to develop models capable of acquiring new knowledge from a sequence of tasks without catastrophically forgetting what has been learned before. Existing approaches often rely on storing samples from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Shihao Ji , Zihui Song