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In-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has become an important technique to study dynamic processes at highest spatial resolution and one branch is the investigation of phenomena related with electrical currents. Here, we present…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Simon Hettler , Raul Arenal

We present the design, fabrication and discuss the performance of a new combined high-resolution Scanning Tunneling and thermopower Microscope (STM/SThEM). We also describe the development of the electronic control, the user interface, the…

Pixelated detectors in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) generate large volumes of data, often tens to hundreds of GB per scan. However, to make current advancements scalable and enable widespread adoption, it is essential to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-07-16 Arno Annys , Hoelen L. Lalandec Robert , Saleh Gholam , Joke Hadermann , Jo Verbeeck

A suite of acquisition applications related to the 4D-STEM technique is presented as a software package written within the Digital Micrograph environment, which is a widely used software platform in worldwide electron microscopy…

Fine-grained sparsity promises higher parametric capacity without proportional per-token compute, but often suffers from training instability, load balancing, and communication overhead. We introduce STEM (Scaling Transformers with…

High-throughput grain mapping with sub-nanometer spatial resolution is demonstrated using scanning nanobeam electron diffraction (also known as 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy, or 4D-STEM) combined with high-speed direct…

Organic semiconductors are a promising class of materials for numerous electronic and optoelectronic applications, including solar cells. However, these materials tend to be extremely sensitive to the local environment and surrounding…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-03-29 Katherine A. Cochrane , Tanya S. Roussy , Bingkai Yuan , Gary Tom , Erik Mårsell , Sarah A. Burke

Semiconductor heterojunctions have gained significant attention for efficient optoelectronic devices owing to their unique interfaces and synergistic effects. Interaction between charge carriers with the heterojunction plays a crucial role…

Linear phase-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) techniques compatible with high-throughput 4D-STEM acquisition are widely used to enhance phase contrast in weakly scattering and beam-sensitive materials. In these…

4D-STEM, in which the 2D diffraction plane is captured for each 2D scan position in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) using a pixelated detector, is complementing and increasingly replacing existing imaging approaches.…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-07-27 Colum M. O'Leary , Benedikt Haas , Christoph T. Koch , Peter D. Nellist , Lewys Jones

The transmission electron microscope facilitates the highest-resolution imaging of any instrument ever created, and its limiting factor is no longer spatial resolution but dose efficiency. Low electron doses avoid sample damage but produce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Georgia Channing , Debora Keller , Marta D. Rossell , Philip Torr , Stig Helveg , Henrik Eliasson

Electronic devices are extremely sensitive to defects in their constituent semiconductors, but locating electronic point defects in bulk semiconductors has previously been impossible. Here we apply scanning transmission electron microscopy…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-10-13 Brian Zutter , Hyunseok Kim , William Hubbard , Dingkun Ren , Matthew Mecklenburg , Diana Huffaker , B. C. Regan

In the effective-mass approximation, the step-like crystal potential of a wurtzite semiconductor heterostucture should be supplemented by Dirac delta-function heterointerface terms. They stem from the difference in the Bloch functions of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-05-05 Eduard Takhtamirov

High-throughput analysis of multidimensional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) datasets remains a significant challenge, limiting the broader impact on strategic materials research. Conventional workflows typically involve sequential,…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-07-16 Arda Genc , Ravit Silverstein

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has become a cornerstone instrument for semiconductor materials metrology, enabling nanoscale analysis of complex multilayer structures that define device performance. Developing effective…

Low voltage transmission electron microscopy (<=80 kV) has many applications in imaging beam-sensitive samples, such as metallic nanoparticles, which may become damaged at higher voltages. To improve resolution, spherical aberration can be…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-07-27 Frances Quigley , Patrick McBean , Peter O'Donovan , Jonathan J. P. Peters , Lewys Jones

The Si/SiO$_2$ interface is populated by isolated trap states which modify its electronic properties. These traps are of critical interest for the development of semiconductor-based quantum sensors and computers, as well as nanoelectronic…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-04-08 Megan Cowie , Taylor J. Z. Stock , Procopios C. Constantinou , Neil Curson , Peter Grütter

Here a new microscopic method is proposed to image and characterize very thin samples like few-layer materials, organic molecules, and nanostructures with nanometer or sub-nanometer resolution using electron beams of energies lower than 20…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-01-06 Ing-Shouh Hwang

Semiconductor dopant profiling using secondary electron imaging in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been developed in recent years. In this paper, we show that the mechanism behind it also allows mapping of the electric potential of…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-10 B. Kaestner , C. Rodenburg , C. J. Humphreys

Although in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of nanomaterials has been gaining importance in recent years, difficulties in sample preparation have limited the number of studies on electrical properties. Here, a support-based…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 Simon Hettler , Mohammad Furqan , Raul Arenal