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Deep neural networks are widely deployed in many fields. Due to the in-situ computation (known as processing in memory) capacity of the Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM) crossbar, ReRAM-based accelerator shows potential in accelerating…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Chenguang Zhang , Zhihang Yuan , Xingchen Li , Guangyu Sun

This paper studies analog beamforming in active sensing applications, such as millimeter-wave radar or ultrasound imaging. Analog beamforming architectures employ a single RF-IF chain connected to all array elements via inexpensive phase…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-06-24 Robin Rajamäki , Sundeep Prabhakar Chepuri , Visa Koivunen

This paper summarizes our work on experimentally characterizing, mitigating, and recovering data retention errors in multi-level cell (MLC) NAND flash memory, which was published in HPCA 2015, and examines the work's significance and future…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-05-09 Yu Cai , Yixin Luo , Erich F. Haratsch , Ken Mai , Saugata Ghose , Onur Mutlu

This work discusses memory-immersed collaborative digitization among compute-in-memory (CiM) arrays to minimize the area overheads of a conventional analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for deep learning inference. Thereby, using the proposed…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Shamma Nasrin , Maeesha Binte Hashem , Nastaran Darabi , Benjamin Parpillon , Farah Fahim , Wilfred Gomes , Amit Ranjan Trivedi

Data recovery has long been a focus of the electronics industry for decades by security experts, focusing on hard disk recovery, a type of non-volatile memory. Unfortunately, none of the existing research, neither from academia, industry,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Joshua Hovanes , Yadi Zhong , Ujjwal Guin

RRAM technology has experienced explosive growth in the last decade, with multiple device structures being developed for a wide range of applications. However, transitioning the technology from the lab into the marketplace requires the…

The increasing computational demand of AI workloads has intensified the need for energy-efficient in-memory and near-memory computing architectures, particularly because data movement often consumes significantly more energy than…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Sarthak Antal , Steve Enosh

In modern systems, DRAM-based main memory is significantly slower than the processor. Consequently, processors spend a long time waiting to access data from main memory, making the long main memory access latency one of the most critical…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-01 Donghyuk Lee

In the quest for low power, bio-inspired computation both memristive and memcapacitive-based Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) have been the subjects of increasing focus for hardware implementation of neuromorphic computing. One step…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Sachin Maheshwari , Alexander Serb , Christos Papavassiliou , Themistoklis Prodromakis

In computational neuroscience, as well as in machine learning, neuromorphic devices promise an accelerated and scalable alternative to neural network simulations. Their neural connectivity and synaptic capacity depends on their specific…

Modern computing devices employ High-Bandwidth Memory (HBM) to meet their memory bandwidth requirements. An HBM-enabled device consists of multiple DRAM layers stacked on top of one another next to a compute chip (e.g. CPU, GPU, and FPGA)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Seyed Saber Nabavi Larimi , Behzad Salami , Osman S. Unsal , Adrian Cristal Kestelman , Hamid Sarbazi-Azad , Onur Mutlu

Analog computing at the edge is an emerging strategy to limit data storage and transmission requirements, as well as energy consumption, and its practical implementation is in its initial stages of development. Translating properties of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Giuseppe Leo , Paolo Gibertini , Irem Ilter , Erika Covi , Ole Richter , Elisabetta Chicca

The growing demand for edge computing and AI drives research into analog in-memory computing using memristors, which overcome data movement bottlenecks by computing directly within memory. However, device failures and variations critically…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Zhicheng Xu , Jiawei Liu , Sitao Huang , Zefan Li , Shengbo Wang , Bo Wen , Ruibin Mao , Mingrui Jiang , Giacomo Pedretti , Jim Ignowski , Kaibin Huang , Can Li

In-memory computing (IMC) is an effectual solution for energy-efficient artificial intelligence applications. Analog IMC amortizes the power consumption of multiple sensing amplifiers with analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Hao Cai , Yanan Guo , Bo Liu , Mingyang Zhou , Juntong Chen , Xinning Liu , Jun Yang

This brief introduces a read bias circuit to improve readout yield of magnetic random access memories (MRAMs). A dynamic bias optimization (DBO) circuit is proposed to enable the real-time tracking of the optimal read voltage across…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Renhe Chen , Albert Lee , Zirui Wang , Di Wu , Xufeng Kou

Spin-Torque-Transfer RAM (STTRAM) is a promising technology however process variation poses serious challenge to sensing. To eliminate bit-to-bit process variation we propose a reference-less, destructive slope detection technique which…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Seyedhamidreza Motaman , Swaroop Ghosh , Jae-Won Jang , Anirudh Iyengar , Rekha Govindaraj , Zakir Khondker

Transformers have emerged as a powerful tool for natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision. Through the attention mechanism, these models have exhibited remarkable performance gains when compared to conventional approaches like…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Salma Afifi , Ishan Thakkar , Sudeep Pasricha

Accommodating all the weights on-chip for large-scale NNs remains a great challenge for SRAM based computing-in-memory (SRAM-CIM) with limited on-chip capacity. Previous non-volatile SRAM-CIM (nvSRAM-CIM) addresses this issue by integrating…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Dengfeng Wang , Liukai Xu , Songyuan Liu , Zhi Li , Yiming Chen , Weifeng He , Xueqing Li , Yanan Sun

Hardware neural networks that implement synaptic weights with embedded non-volatile memory, such as spin torque memory (ST-MRAM), are a major lead for low energy artificial intelligence. In this work, we propose an approximate storage…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-10-26 Nicolas Locatelli , Adrien F. Vincent , Damien Querlioz

This paper describes a multi-functional deep in-memory processor for inference applications. Deep in-memory processing is achieved by embedding pitch-matched low-SNR analog processing into a standard 6T 16KB SRAM array in 65 nm CMOS. Four…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Mingu Kang , Sujan Gonugondla , Ameya Patil , Naresh Shanbhag