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Ever-evolving transaction patterns have significantly hindered anomaly detection on emerging cryptocurrency blockchains due to the vast number of addresses and diverse anomalous behaviors. Recently, advanced Graph Anomaly Detection (GAD)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Runang He , Tongya Zheng , Huiling Peng , Yuanyu Wan , Bingde Hu , Jiawei Chen , Canghong Jin , Mingli Song , Can Wang

Polar codes are constructed for m-user multiple access channels (MAC) whose input alphabet size is a prime number. The block error probability under successive cancelation decoding decays exponentially with the square root of the block…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-12-09 Rajai Nasser

Large language models (LLMs) excel at generating code from natural language instructions, yet they often lack an understanding of security vulnerabilities. This limitation makes it difficult for LLMs to avoid security risks in generated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Lingxiang Wang , Hainan Zhang , Qinnan Zhang , Ziwei Wang , Hongwei Zheng , Jin Dong , Zhiming Zheng

Polar codes have become one of the most favorable capacity achieving error correction codes (ECC) along with their simple encoding method. However, among the very few prior successive cancellation (SC) polar decoder designs, the required…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-04 Chuan Zhang , Bo Yuan , Keshab K. Parhi

In this paper, we propose a new polar code construction by employing kernels of different sizes in the Kronecker product of the transformation matrix, thus generalizing the original construction by Arikan. The proposed multi-kernel polar…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Valerio Bioglio , Frederic Gabry , Ingmar Land , Jean-Claude Belfiore

In this paper, we introduce a novel class of pre-transformed polar codes, termed as deep polar codes. We first present a deep polar encoder that harnesses a series of multi-layered polar transformations with varying sizes. Our approach to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Geon Choi , Namyoon Lee

The use of blockchains for data certification and traceability is now well established in both the literature and practical applications. However, while blockchain-based certification of individual data is clear and straightforward, the use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Giacomo Zonneveld , Giulia Rafaiani , Massimo Battaglioni , Marco Baldi

Binary linear block codes (BLBCs) are essential to modern communication, but their diverse structures often require tailor-made decoders, increasing complexity. This work introduces enhanced polar decoding ($\mathsf{PD}^+$), a universal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Chien-Ying Lin , Yu-Chih Huang , Shin-Lin Shieh , Po-Ning Chen

Blockchain technology enhances transparency by maintaining a distributed ledger among mutually untrusting parties. Despite its advantages, scalability and availability remain critical bottlenecks that hinder widespread adoption. The…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Manaswini Piduguralla , Souvik Sarkar , Arunmoezhi Ramachandran , Sathya Peri

Recently, a new class of error-control codes, the polar codes, have attracted much attention. The polar codes are the first known class of capacity-achieving codes for many important communication channels. In addition, polar codes have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-11-19 Xudong Ma

Successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding enables polar codes and their generalizations to deliver satisfactory performance in finite-length scenarios but it comes with high latency and complexity. To reduce latency, a partitioned SCL…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Xinyuanmeng Yao , Xiao Ma

In the standard polar code construction, the message vector $(U_0,U_1,\dots,U_{n-1})$ is divided into information bits and frozen bits according to the reliability of each $U_i$ given $(U_0,U_1,\dots,U_{i-1})$ and all the channel outputs.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Guodong Li , Min Ye , Sihuang Hu

Polar codes are a class of linear block codes that provably achieves channel capacity. They have been selected as a coding scheme for the control channel of enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) scenario for $5^{\text{th}}$ generation wireless…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Furkan Ercan , Thibaud Tonnellier , Carlo Condo , Warren J. Gross

Polar codes are the first codes with a proven capacity-achieving capability, but their decoding faces several challenges, especially under long code lengths. In this paper, we target algorithmic improvements and analyses to enable the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Jiajie Li , Sihui Shen , Warren J. Gross

Progress in designing channel codes has been driven by human ingenuity and, fittingly, has been sporadic. Polar codes, developed on the foundation of Arikan's polarization kernel, represent the latest breakthrough in coding theory and have…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-06 S Ashwin Hebbar , Sravan Kumar Ankireddy , Hyeji Kim , Sewoong Oh , Pramod Viswanath

Polar codes are novel and efficient error correcting codes with low encoding and decoding complexities. These codes have a channel dependent generator matrix which is determined by the code dimension, code length and transmission channel…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-12-22 Reza Hooshmand , Masoumeh Koochak Shooshtari , Mohammad Reza Aref

We introduce a new family of polar-like codes, called Partially Polarized Polar (PPP) codes. PPP codes are constructed from conventional polar codes by selectively pruning polarization kernels, thereby modifying the synthesized bit-channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Arman Fazeli , Mohammad M. Mansour , Ziyuan Zhu , Louay Jalloul

Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) based Distributed Ledgers can be useful in a number of applications in the IoT domain. A distributed ledger should serve as an immutable and irreversible record of transactions, however, a DAG structure is a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-11 Andrew Cullen , Pietro Ferraro , Christopher King , Robert Shorten

As blockchain technology and smart contracts become widely adopted, securing them throughout every stage of the transaction process is essential. The concern of improved security for smart contracts is to find and detect vulnerabilities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-11 S M Mostaq Hossain , Amani Altarawneh , Jesse Roberts

Sensor data in IoT (Internet of Things) systems is vulnerable to tampering or falsification when transmitted through untrusted services. This is critical because such data increasingly underpins real-world decisions in domains such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Kenji Saito