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In India, post the demonetization exercise in 2016, digital payments have become extremely popular. Among them, the volume of transactions using Paytm wallets and UPI (Unified Payment Interface) have grown manifold. The lockdowns due to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Shreekanth M Prabhu , Natarajan Subramanyam , Ms. Shreya P Krishnan , Ms. Brindavana Sachidananda

With the evolution from 5G to 6G, ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) faces increasingly stringent performance requirements. Lower latency constraints demand shorter channel coding lengths, which can severely degrade decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yaqi Li , Xiaohu You , Jiamin Li , Chen Ji , Bin Sheng

The long-haul communication systems can offer ultra high-speed data transfer rates but suffer from burst errors. The high-rate and high-performance staircase codes provide an efficient way for long-haul transmission. The staircase coding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-28 Bowen Feng , Jian Jiao , Liu Zhou , Shaohua Wu , Bin Cao , Qinyu Zhang

This paper presents a refined analysis of the block error rate (BLER) of polar codes over symmetric binary-input discrete memoryless channels under successive cancellation (SC) and successive cancellation list (SCL) decoding. A novel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Hassan Noghrei , Murad Abdullah

We study the use of polar codes for both discrete and continuous variables Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). Although very large blocks must be used to obtain the efficiency required by quantum key distribution, and especially continuous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-30 Paul Jouguet , Sébastien Kunz-Jacques

We present a hardware architecture and algorithmic improvements for list SC decoding of polar codes. More specifically, we show how to completely avoid copying of the likelihoods, which is algorithmically the most cumbersome part of list SC…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-02-28 A. Balatsoukas-Stimming , A. J. Raymond , W. J. Gross , A. Burg

In this paper, we leverage polar codes and the well-established channel polarization to design capacity-achieving codes with a certain constraint on the weights of all the columns in the generator matrix (GM) while having a low-complexity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-17 James Chin-Jen Pang , Hessam Mahdavifar , S. Sandeep Pradhan

A general framework is proposed that includes polar codes over arbitrary channels with arbitrary kernels. The asymptotic tradeoff among block length $N$, code rate $R$, and error probability $P$ is analyzed. Given a tradeoff between $N,P$…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-20 Hsin-Po Wang , Iwan Duursma

As the first kind of forward error correction (FEC) codes that achieve channel capacity, polar codes have attracted much research interest recently. Compared with other popular FEC codes, polar codes decoded by list successive cancellation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-07-02 ChenYang Xia , Ji Chen , YouZhe Fan , Chi-ying Tsui , Jie Jin , Hui Shen , Bin Li

This paper presents the first proof of polarization for the deletion channel with a constant deletion rate and a regular hidden-Markov input distribution. A key part of this work involves representing the deletion channel using a trellis…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Ido Tal , Henry D. Pfister , Arman Fazeli , Alexander Vardy

Polar codes have attracted much recent attention as the first codes with low computational complexity that provably achieve optimal rate-regions for a large class of information-theoretic problems. One significant drawback, however, is that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-01-15 Mayank Bakshi , Sidharth Jaggi , Michelle Effros

We describe a novel approach to interpret a polar code as a low-density parity-check (LDPC)-like code with an underlying sparse decoding graph. This sparse graph is based on the encoding factor graph of polar codes and is suitable for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Sebastian Cammerer , Moustafa Ebada , Ahmed Elkelesh , Stephan ten Brink

Benefiting from performance advantages under short code lengths, polar codes are well-suited for certain scenarios, such as the future Internet of Things (IoT) applications that require high reliability and low power. Existing list flip…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yansong Lv , Jingxin Dai , Yuhuan Wang , Hang Yin , Zhanxin Yang

With the ever-growing storage density, high-speed, and low-cost data access, flash memory has inevitably become popular. Multi-level cell (MLC) NAND flash memory, which can well balance the data density and memory stability, has occupied…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Haochuan Song , Frankie Fu , Cloud Zeng , Jin Sha , Zaichen Zhang , Xiaohu You , Chuan Zhang

Blind recognition of polar codes remains challenging in non-cooperative scenarios, particularly for information-set recognition with known code length. Existing methods mainly rely on threshold decisions determined by the generator-matrix…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Changwei Tu , Yang Liu , Xianzhao Feng , Kai Niu

Technological advancements of Blockchain and other Distributed Ledger Techniques (DLTs) promise to provide significant advantages to applications seeking transparency, redundancy, and accountability. Actual adoption of these emerging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Nivedita Dey , Mrityunjay Ghosh , Amlan Chakrabarti

Polar codes have received growing attention in the past decade and have been selected as the coding scheme for the control channel in the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication systems. However, the conventional polar codes have only…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Hossein Rezaei , Nandana Rajatheva , Matti Latva-aho

Blockchain provides a decentralized and tamper-resistant ledger for securely recording transactions across a network of untrusted nodes. While its transparency and integrity are beneficial, the substantial storage requirements for…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ce Zhang , Cheng Xu , Haibo Hu , Jianliang Xu

Recently, permissioned blockchain has been extensively explored in various fields, such as asset management, supply chain, healthcare, and many others. Many scholars are dedicated to improving its verifiability, scalability, and performance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Dong-Yang Yu , Jin Wang , Lingzhi Li , Wei Jiang , Can Liu

The rise of blockchain and Digital Ledger Technology (DLT) has gained wide traction. Instead of relying on a traditional centralized data authority, a blockchain system consists of digitally entangled block data shared across a distributed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Feng Yu , Ryan Laird
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