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Polar codes are a new class of error correcting linear block codes, whose generator matrix is specified by the knowledge of transmission channel parameters, code length and code dimension. Moreover, regarding computational security, it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-01-08 Reza Hooshmand

Merkle trees have become a widely successful cryptographic data structure. Enabling a vast variety of applications from checking for inconsistencies in databases like Dynamo to essential tools like Git to large scale distributed systems…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Anoushk Kharangate

Polar codes are a class of capacity-achieving error correcting codes that have been selected for use in enhanced mobile broadband in the 3GPP 5th generation (5G) wireless standard. Most polar code research examines the original Arikan polar…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-07-17 Adam Cavatassi , Thibaud Tonnellier , Warren J. Gross

The data availability problem is a central challenge in blockchain systems and lies at the core of the accessibility and scalability issues faced by platforms such as Ethereum. Modern solutions employ several approaches, with data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Moritz Grundei , Vipindev Adat Vasudevan , Kishori Konwar , Muriel Medard

A Merkle tree is an information construction that is used in Blockchain to verify data or transactions in a large content pool in a safe manner. The role of the Merkle tree is crucial in Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies in a Blockchain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-28 M. Gracy , B. Rebecca Jeyavadhanam

Practical implementations of secret-key generation are often based on sequential strategies, which handle reliability and secrecy in two successive steps, called reconciliation and privacy amplification. In this paper, we propose an…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-07 Remi A. Chou , Matthieu R. Bloch , Emmanuel Abbe

Polar codes are constructed for arbitrary channels by imposing an arbitrary quasigroup structure on the input alphabet. Just as with "usual" polar codes, the block error probability under successive cancellation decoding is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-06-16 Rajai Nasser , Emre Telatar

We explore the relationship between polar and RM codes and we describe a coding scheme which improves upon the performance of the standard polar code at practical block lengths. Our starting point is the experimental observation that RM…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-09-04 Marco Mondelli , S. Hamed Hassani , Rüdiger Urbanke

Long polar codes can achieve the capacity of arbitrary binary-input discrete memoryless channels under a low complexity successive cancelation (SC) decoding algorithm. But for polar codes with short and moderate code length, the decoding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Jun Lin , Chenrong Xiong , Zhiyuan Yan

Long polar codes can achieve the symmetric capacity of arbitrary binary-input discrete memoryless channels under a low complexity successive cancelation (SC) decoding algorithm. However, for polar codes with short and moderate code length,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2014-11-18 Jun Lin , Zhiyuan Yan

Blockchain systems face significant scalability challenges due to growing data volumes and increasing transaction demands, necessitating more efficient data structures and verification mechanisms. Verkle trees, a novel data structure…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhikai Li , Xuekai Liu , Boyuan Xu , Eric Chen , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

This paper studies known indexing structures from a new point of view: minimisation of data exchange between an IoT device acting as a blockchain client and the blockchain server running a protocol suite that includes two Guy Fawkes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Alex Shafarenko

From the perspective of tree, we design a length-flexible coding scheme. For an arbitrary code length, we first construct a balanced binary tree (BBT) where the root node represents a transmitted codeword, the leaf nodes represent either…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Xinyuanmeng Yao , Xiao Ma

The training complexity of deep learning-based channel decoders scales exponentially with the codebook size and therefore with the number of information bits. Thus, neural network decoding (NND) is currently only feasible for very short…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-23 Sebastian Cammerer , Tobias Gruber , Jakob Hoydis , Stephan ten Brink

It is well known that to fulfill their full potential, the design of polar codes must be tailored to their intended decoding algorithm. While for successive cancellation (SC) decoding, information theoretically optimal constructions are…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Marvin Geiselhart , Andreas Zunker , Ahmed Elkelesh , Jannis Clausius , Stephan ten Brink

Channel polarization is a method of constructing capacity achieving codes for symmetric binary-input discrete memoryless channels (B-DMCs) [1]. In the original paper, the construction complexity is exponential in the blocklength. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-05-23 Ryuhei Mori , Toshiyuki Tanaka

When a neural network (NN) is used to decode a polar code, its training complexity scales exponentially as the code block size (or to be precise, as a number of message bits) increases. Therefore, existing solutions that use a neural…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Evgeny Stupachenko

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cryptographic system that generates an information-theoretically secure key shared by two legitimate parties. QKD consists of two parts: quantum and classical. The latter is referred to as classical…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-15 Sunghoon Lee , Jooyoun Park , Jun Heo

Polar codes are a recent family of error-correcting codes with a number of desirable characteristics. Their disruptive nature is illustrated by their rapid adoption in the $5^{th}$-generation mobile-communication standard, where they are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-09 Pascal Giard , Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming , Andreas Burg

In this paper, we investigate a coupled polar code architecture that supports both local and global decoding. This local-global construction is motivated by practical applications in data storage and transmission where reduced-latency…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Ziyuan Zhu , Wei Wu , Paul H. Siegel