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Jupyter notebook allows data scientists to write machine learning code together with its documentation in cells. In this paper, we propose a new task of code documentation generation (CDG) for computational notebooks. In contrast to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Xuye Liu , Dakuo Wang , April Wang , Yufang Hou , Lingfei Wu

Machine learning developers frequently use interactive computational notebooks, such as Jupyter notebooks, to host code for data processing and model training. Jupyter notebooks provide a convenient tool for writing machine learning…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Bihui Jin , Jiayue Wang , Pengyu Nie

Python type inference is challenging in practice. Due to its dynamic properties and extensive dependencies on third-party libraries without type annotations, the performance of traditional static analysis techniques is limited. Although…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Siwei Cui , Gang Zhao , Zeyu Dai , Luochao Wang , Ruihong Huang , Jeff Huang

Jupyter Notebook is an interactive development environment commonly used for rapid experimentation of machine learning (ML) solutions. Describing the ML activities performed along code cells improves the readability and understanding of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Miguel Perez , Selin Aydin , Horst Lichter

Python is a popular dynamic programming language, evidenced by its ranking as the second most commonly used language on GitHub. However, its dynamic type system can lead to potential type errors, leading researchers to explore automatic…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Yun Peng , Chaozheng Wang , Wenxuan Wang , Cuiyun Gao , Michael R. Lyu

At present, code recommendation tools have gained greater importance to many software developers in various areas of expertise. Having code recommendation tools has enabled better productivity and performance in developing the code in…

Computational notebooks are the primary coding tools for data scientists, but their code quality remains understudied and often poor. Given the importance of maintainability and reusability, enhancing code understandability is essential.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Mojtaba Mostafavi Ghahfarokhi , Alireza Asadi , Arash Asgari , Bardia Mohammadi , Abbas Heydarnoori , Masih Beigi Rizi

Jupyter Notebooks are an enormously popular tool for creating and narrating computational research projects. They also have enormous potential for creating reproducible scientific research artifacts. Capturing the complete state of a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Dimuthu Wannipurage , Suresh Marru , Marlon Pierce

Jupyter notebooks are widely used for machine learning (ML) prototyping. Yet, few debugging tools are designed for ML code in notebooks, partly, due to the lack of benchmarks. We introduce JunoBench, the first benchmark dataset of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yiran Wang , José Antonio Hernández López , Ulf Nilsson , Dániel Varró

Statically analyzing dynamically-typed code is a challenging endeavor, as even seemingly trivial tasks such as determining the targets of procedure calls are non-trivial without knowing the types of objects at compile time. Addressing this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Lukas Seidel , Sedick David Baker Effendi , Xavier Pinho , Konrad Rieck , Brink van der Merwe , Fabian Yamaguchi

Dynamic languages, such as Python and Javascript, trade static typing for developer flexibility and productivity. Lack of static typing can cause run-time exceptions and is a major factor for weak IDE support. To alleviate these issues, PEP…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Amir M. Mir , Evaldas Latoskinas , Sebastian Proksch , Georgios Gousios

Computational notebooks -- such as Jupyter or Colab -- combine text and data analysis code. They have become ubiquitous in the world of data science and exploratory data analysis. Since these notebooks present a different programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Derek Robinson , Neil A. Ernst , Enrique Larios Vargas , Margaret-Anne D. Storey

Python type annotations enable static type checking, but most code remains untyped because manual annotation is time-consuming and tedious. Past approaches to automatic type inference fall short: static methods struggle with dynamic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Juan Altmayer Pizzorno , Emery D. Berger

Interactive computing notebooks, such as Jupyter notebooks, have become a popular tool for developing and improving data-driven models. Such notebooks tend to be executed either in the user's own machine or in a cloud environment, having…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Renato L. F. Cunha , Lucas V. Real , Renan Souza , Bruno Silva , Marco A. S. Netto

Jupyter Notebook is the tool of choice of many data scientists in the early stages of ML workflows. The notebook format, however, has been criticized for inducing bad programming practices; indeed, researchers have already shown that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Luigi Quaranta , Fabio Calefato , Filippo Lanubile

How to accurately predict the properties of molecules is an essential problem in AI-driven drug discovery, which generally requires a large amount of annotation for training deep learning models. Annotating molecules, however, is quite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Kuangqi Zhou , Kaixin Wang , Jiashi Feng , Jian Tang , Tingyang Xu , Xinchao Wang

We consider the problem of type-directed component based synthesis where, given a set of (typed) components and a query type, the goal is to synthesize a term that inhabits the query. Classical approaches based on proof search in…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Zheng Guo , Michael James , David Justo , Jiaxiao Zhou , Ziteng Wang , Ranjit Jhala , Nadia Polikarpova

The machine learning development lifecycle is characterized by iterative and exploratory processes that rely on feedback mechanisms to ensure data and model integrity. Despite the critical role of feedback in machine learning engineering,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Arumoy Shome , Luis Cruz , Diomidis Spinellis , Arie van Deursen

Jupyter notebooks have become central in data science, integrating code, text and output in a flexible environment. With the rise of machine learning (ML), notebooks are increasingly used for prototyping and data analysis. However, due to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yiran Wang , Willem Meijer , José Antonio Hernández López , Ulf Nilsson , Dániel Varró

A type description is a succinct noun compound which helps human and machines to quickly grasp the informative and distinctive information of an entity. Entities in most knowledge graphs (KGs) still lack such descriptions, thus calling for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Jiangjie Chen , Ao Wang , Haiyun Jiang , Suo Feng , Chenguang Li , Yanghua Xiao
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