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The Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO) is an R&D project to plan and design the next observatory to detect gamma rays in the Southern hemisphere. The experiment, planned to be placed at an altitude greater than 4400 m, is…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2023-09-12 Ruben Conceição

In the framework of the development of the SWGO experiment we have performed a detailed study of the single unit of an extensive air shower observatory based on an array of water Cherenkov detectors. Indeed, one of the possible water…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-05 Francesca Bisconti , Andrea Chiavassa

The Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO) Collaboration is currently engaged in design and prototyping work towards the realisation of this future gamma-ray facility. SWGO will complement CTA and the existing ground-particle…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-29 Jim Hinton

The Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO) is a proposed ground-based gamma-ray detector that will be located in the Southern Hemisphere and is currently in its design phase. In this contribution, we will outline the prospects for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-05-11 R. López-Coto , A. Mitchell , E. O. Angüner , G. Giacinti

The Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO) is a project by scientists and engineers from 14 countries and 78 institutions to design and build the first wide-field, ground-based gamma-ray observatory in the Southern Hemisphere,…

We describe plans for the development of the Southern Wide-field Gamma-ray Observatory (SWGO), a next-generation instrument with sensitivity to the very-high-energy (VHE) band to be constructed in the Southern Hemisphere. SWGO will provide…

The hybrid detection approach in astroparticle physics has been successfully employed in cosmic-ray experiments and is currently being explored by gamma-ray observatories like LHAASO. We present a study on the hybrid detection concept for…

The scientific potential of a wide field-of-view, and very-high duty cycle, ground-based gamma-ray detector has been demonstrated by the current generation of instruments, such as HAWC and ARGO, and will be further extended in the Northern…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-31 Ulisses Barres de Almeida

Ground-level particle detection has recently emerged as an extremely powerful approach to TeV-PeV gamma-ray astronomy. The most successful observatories of this type, HAWC and LHAASO, utilise water-Cherenkov based detector units, housed in…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-15 Hazal Goksu , Werner Hofmann , Felix Werner , Fabian Haist , Jim Hinton

Next-generation air-shower detectors, such as the Global Cosmic Ray Observatory (GCOS) and the Probing Extreme PeVatron Sources (PEPS) experiment, are considering water-Cherenkov detectors as a base design. A key factor in improving the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-27 Pierre Billoir , Benjamin Flaggs , Ioana C. Mariş , Andrea Parenti

The building block of the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory is a water Cherenkov tank. The response to shower particles is simulated using a dedicated program based on GEANT4. To check the simulation chain, we compare the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 Piera L. Ghia

In this document we consider the problem of finding the optimal layout for the array of water Cherenkov detectors proposed by the SWGO collaboration to study very-high-energy gamma rays in the southern hemisphere. We develop a continuous…

The novel idea of water Cherenkov calorimeter made of water tanks as the next generation neutrino detector for nu factories and nu beams is investigated. A water tank prototype with a dimension of 1*1*13m^3 is constructed, its performance…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-11-18 M. -J. Chen , Y. -F. Wang , J. -T. He , M. -L. Yu

ALTO is a concept/project in the exploratory phase since 2013 aiming to build a wide-field VHE gamma-ray observatory at very high altitude in the Southern hemisphere. The operation of such an observatory will complement the Northern…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-04 Yvonne Becherini , Satyendra Thoudam , Michael Punch , Jean-Pierre Ernenwein

Ground-based gamma-ray astronomy is now well established as a key observational approach to address critical topics at the frontiers of astroparticle physics and high-energy astrophysics. Whilst the field of TeV astronomy was once dominated…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-26 SWGO Collaboration , P. Abreu , R. Alfaro , A. Alfonso , M. Andrade , E. O. Angüner , E. A. Anita-Rangel , O. Aquines-Gutiérrez , C. Arcaro , R. Arceo , J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez , P. Assis , H. A. Ayala Solares , A. Bakalova , E. M. Bandeira , P. Bangale , U. Barres de Almeida , P. Batista , I. Batković , J. Bazo , E. Belmont , J. Bennemann , S. Y. BenZvi , A. Bernal , W. Bian , C. Bigongiari , E. Bottacini , R. Branada , P. Brogueira , A. M. Brown , T. Bulik , K. S. Caballero-Mora , P. Camarri , W. Cao , Z. Cao , Z. Cao , T. Capistrán , M. Cardillo , C. Casentini , C. Castromonte , P. M. Chadwick , J. Chanamé , J. Chang , S. Chen , A. Chiavassa , L. Chytka , R. Colalillo , R. Conceição , G. Consolati , R. Cordero , P. J. Costa , R. Covarelli , X. Cui , X. Cui , A. De Angelis , E. de Gouveia Dal Pino , R. de Menezes , P. Desiati , N. Di Lalla , F. Di Pierro , G. Di Sciascio , J. C. Díaz Vélez , C. Dib , B. Dingus , J. Djuvsland , C. Dobrigkeit , L. M. Domingues Mendes , T. Dorigo , M. Doro , A. C. dos Reis , M. Du Vernois , D. Elsaesser , K. Engel , T. Ergin , M. Errando , K. Fang , A. Fazzi , C. Feng , M. Feroci , C. N. Ferreira , N. Fraija , S. Fraija , A. Franceschini , G. F. Franco , S. Funk , R. Galleguillos , B. Gao , C. Gao , A. M. Garcia Reyes , S. Garcia , F. Garfias , G. Giacinti , L. Gibilisco , B. Giovanni , J. Glombitza , H. Goksu , G. Gong , B. S. González , M. M. González , J. Goodman , V. M. Grieco , M. Gu , F. Guarino , G. P. Guedes , J. Gyeong , F. Haist , G. Han , P. Hansen , J. P. Harding , S. Hernandez Cadena , I. Herzog , J. Hinton , W. Hofmann , C. Hou , Hou C. , K. Hu , D. Huang , P. Huentemeyer , A. Iriarte , J. Isaković , A. Jardin-Blicq , L. I. Junoy , J. Juryšek , S. Kaci , B. Khelifi , D. Kieda , F. La Monaca , G. La Mura , R. G. Lang , J. S. Lapington , R. Laspiur , L. Lavitola , J. Lee , F. Leitl , M. Lemoine-Goumard , L. Lessio , T. Lewis , C. Li , J. Li , K. Li , T. Li , B. Liberti , S. Lin , R. A. Lineros , D. Liu , J. Liu , R. Liu , F. Longo , Y. Luo , J. Lv , E. Macerata , G. Magugliani , K. Malone , A. Mancilla , D. Mandat , M. Manganaro , M. Mariani , A. Mariazzi , M. Mariotti , T. Marrodan , H. Martínez-Huerta , I. Martins , S. Medina , D. Melo , L. F. Mendes , E. Meza , R. Micali , D. Miceli , S. Miozzi , L. S. Miranda , P. E. Mirón Enriquez , A. Mitchell , A. Molinario , A. Montero , O. G. Morales-Olivares , A. Morselli , E. Mossini , M. Mostafá , F. Muleri , F. Nardi , A. P. Nayak , A. Negro , L. Nellen , M. Nisa , V. Novotny , L. Olivera-Nieto , N. Omodei , E. Orlando , S. Ortolani , M. Osorio-Archila , T. Ota , L. Otiniano , Z. Ou , A. Paoloni , I. M. Pepe , R. Perca , M. Peresano , Y. Pérez Araujo , T. Petrosillo-Lago , G. Piano , D. Piccolo , A. Pichel , M. Pimenta , M. Pirke , A. Porcelli , T. Porter , E. Prandini , A. Pratts , R. Pretsch , A. Qi , J. Qin , S. Rainò , L. Recabarren , M. Regeard , A. Reisenegger , Q. Remy , H. X. Ren , F. Rescic , B. Reville , M. Reyes , C. D. Rho , M. Riquelme , J. I. Rivadeneira , G. Rodriguez Fernandez , B. Rossi , A. C. Rovero , A. Ruina , E. Ruiz-Velasco , G. Salazar , C. Salotto , F. Sanchez , A. Sandoval , F. Sansone , M. Santander , R. Santonico , G. L. P. Santos , A. Santos-Guevara , D. Sartirana , M. Schneider , M. Schneider , H. Schoorlemmer , F. G. Schröder , F. Schussler , H. Schutte , J. Serna-Franco , M. Shoaib , A. Smith , A. J. Smith , Y. Son , O. Soto , S. T. Spencer , R. W. Springer , J. Stewart , L. A. Stuani , H. Sun , M. Tambone , R. Tang , Z. Tang , S. Tapia , M. Tavani , R. Terrier , T. Terzić , K. Tollefson , B. Tomé , I. Torres , R. Torres-Escobedo , G. C. Trinchero , R. Turner , P. Ulloa , L. Valore , C. van Eldik , J. Vega , I. D. Vergara Quispe , A. Viana , J. Vícha , C. F. Vigorito , V. Vittorini , B. Wang , L. Wang , X. Wang , X. Wang , X. Wang , Z. Wang , Z. Wang , M. Waqas , I. J. Watson , F. Werner , R. White , C. Wiebusch , F. Wohlleben , S. Xi , G. Xiao , H. Xiao , H. Xiao , L. Yang , R. Yang , Z. Yang , Z. Yang , R. Yanyachi , Z. Yao , D. Zavrtanik , H. Zhang , H. Zhang , J. Zhang , J. Zhang , S. Zhang , S. Zhang , X. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , H. Zhou , C. Zhu , H. Zhu , H. Zhu , P. Zhu , X. Zuo , P. Zyla

LAGO, the Latin American Giant Observatory, is an extended cosmic ray observatory, consisting of a wide network of water Cherenkov detectors located in 10 countries. With different altitudes and geomagnetic rigidity cutoffs, their…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-07 Antonio Juan Rubio-Montero , Raúl Pagán-Muñoz , Rafael Mayo-García , Alfonso Pardo-Diaz , Iván Sidelnik , Hernán Asorey

Ground-level particle detection is now a well-established approach to TeV gamma-ray astronomy. Detection of Cherenkov light produced in water-filled detection units is a proven and cost-effective method. Here we discuss the optimization of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-03-22 Samridha Kunwar , Hazal Goksu , Jim Hinton , Harm Schoorlemmer , Andrew Smith , Werner Hofmann , Felix Werner

Milagro is a gamma-ray observatory employing a water Cherenkov detector to observe extensive air showers produced by high-energy particles impacting in the Earth's atmosphere. We discuss the first detection of TeV gamma-rays from the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 P. M. Saz Parkinson

The HAWC gamma ray observatory, to be constructed at Sierra Negra, Puebla in Mexico, is a large array of water Cherenkov detectors sited at an elevation of 4100 m, which has been optimized for gamma/hadron discrimination of the primary…

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