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We consider the problem of belief aggregation: given a group of individual agents with probabilistic beliefs over a set of uncertain events, formulate a sensible consensus or aggregate probability distribution over these events. Researchers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-08 David M. Pennock , Michael P. Wellman

There are $n$ players who compete by timing their actions. An opportunity appears randomly on a time interval. Whoever takes an action the fastest after the opportunity has arisen wins. The occurrence of the opportunity is observed only…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Bruno Mazorra , Christoph Schlegel , Akaki Mamageishvili

The paper presents a plus-minus rating for use in association football (soccer). We first describe the standard plus-minus methodology as used in basketball and ice-hockey and then adapt it for use in soccer. The usual goal-differential…

Applications · Statistics 2017-06-16 Tarak Kharrat , Javier López Peña , Ian McHale

This paper considers the use of observed and predicted match statistics as inputs to forecasts of the outcomes of football matches. It is shown that, were it possible to know the match statistics in advance, highly informative forecasts of…

Applications · Statistics 2020-01-27 Edward Wheatcroft

It's not unreasonable to think that in-game sporting performance can be affected partly by what takes place off the court. We can't observe what happens between games directly. Instead, we proxy for the possibility of athletes partying by…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-12-31 Andreas Santucci , Eric Lax

A match played in a sports tournament can be called stakeless if at least one team is indifferent to its outcome because it already has qualified or has been eliminated. Such a game threatens fairness since teams may not exert full effort…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-02 László Csató , András Gyimesi

Analyzing football score data with statistical techniques, we investigate how the highly co-operative nature of the game is reflected in averaged properties such as the distributions of scored goals for the home and away teams. It turns out…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Elmar Bittner , Andreas Nussbaumer , Wolfhard Janke , Martin Weigel

The presence of momentum in sports, where the outcome of a previous event affects a following event, is a belief often held by fans, and has been the subject of statistical study for many sports. This paper investigates the presence and…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-05 Arjun Goyal , Jeffrey S. Simonoff

According to recent empirical studies, the group draw of major sports tournaments can imply a high level of uncertainty, and some lucky teams enjoy an unfair advantage over the other teams. We propose a novel technique to quantify this draw…

Stochastic dominance is a crucial tool for the analysis of choice under risk. It is typically analyzed as a property of two gambles that are taken in isolation. We study how additional independent sources of risk (e.g. uninsurable labor…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-14 Luciano Pomatto , Philipp Strack , Omer Tamuz

Penalties are fraught and game-changing moments in soccer games that teams explicitly prepare for. Consequently, there has been substantial interest in analyzing them in order to provide advice to practitioners. From a data science…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Lotte Bransen , Tim Janssen , Jesse Davis

We consider the design of private prediction markets, financial markets designed to elicit predictions about uncertain events without revealing too much information about market participants' actions or beliefs. Our goal is to design market…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-02-25 Rachel Cummings , David M. Pennock , Jennifer Wortman Vaughan

A random walk-like model is considered to discuss statistical aspects of tournaments. The model is applied to soccer leagues with emphasis on the scores. This competitive system was computationally simulated and the results are compared…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2010-04-30 H. V. Ribeiro , R. S. Mendes , L. C. Malacarne , S. Picoli , P. A. Santoro

In this work, we extended a stochastic model for football leagues based on the team's potential [R. da Silva et al. Comput. Phys. Commun. \textbf{184} 661--670 (2013)] for making predictions instead of only performing a successful…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-06-08 Eduardo V. Stock , Roberto da Silva , Henrique A. Fernandes

Competitive balance is an important concept for professional sports and one of the key issues that European football has to address in order to ensure its long-term prosperity. However, the quantification of competitive balance is not an…

Applications · Statistics 2021-05-20 Vasileios Manasis , Ioannis Ntzoufras , James Reade

National football teams increasingly issue tradeable blockchain-based fan tokens to strategically enhance fan engagement. This study investigates the impact of 2022 World Cup matches on the dynamic performance of each team's fan token. The…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-03-26 Aman Saggu , Lennart Ante , Ender Demir

Modelling football outcomes has gained increasing attention, in large part due to the potential for making substantial profits. Despite the strong connection existing between football models and the bookmakers' betting odds, no authors have…

Applications · Statistics 2018-02-27 Leonardo Egidi , Francesco Pauli , Nicola Torelli

In Major League Baseball, strategy and planning are major factors in determining the outcome of a game. Previous studies have aided this by building machine learning models for predicting the winning team of any given game. We extend this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Morgan Allen , Paul Savala

Agents rarely act in isolation -- their behavioral history, in particular, is public to others. We seek a non-asymptotic understanding of how a leader agent should shape this history to its maximal advantage, knowing that follower agent(s)…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Vidya Muthukumar , Anant Sahai

Statistical applications in sports have long centered on how to best separate signal (e.g. team talent) from random noise. However, most of this work has concentrated on a single sport, and the development of meaningful cross-sport…

Applications · Statistics 2017-11-23 Michael J. Lopez , Gregory J. Matthews , Benjamin S. Baumer