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In-play football forecasting models have struggled to match the accuracy of betting exchange prices, which aggregate information from many market participants. We close this gap by combining two extensions to a Weibull accelerated failure…

Applications · Statistics 2026-05-18 Lawrence Clegg , Zixing Song , John Cartlidge

The availability of massive data about sports activities offers nowadays the opportunity to quantify the relation between performance and success. In this study, we analyze more than 6,000 games and 10 million events in six European leagues…

Applications · Statistics 2017-11-17 Luca Pappalardo , Paolo Cintia

A myriad of different data are generated to characterize a soccer match. Here we discuss which performance indicators are particularly helpful to forecast the future results of a team via an estimation of the underlying team strengths with…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-03-10 Andreas Heuer

Gambles are random variables that model possible changes in monetary wealth. Classic decision theory transforms money into utility through a utility function and defines the value of a gamble as the expectation value of utility changes.…

Economics · Quantitative Finance 2016-02-03 Ole Peters , Murray Gell-Mann

What would you do if you were invited to play a game where you were given \$25 and allowed to place bets for 30 minutes on a coin that you were told was biased to come up heads 60% of the time? This is exactly what we did, gathering 61…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2017-01-06 Victor Haghani , Richard Dewey

We present a systematic approach to the prediction of soccer matches. First, we show that the information about chances for goals is by far more informative than about the actual results. Second, we present a multivariate regression…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-07-20 Andreas Heuer , Oliver Rubner

Performance prediction or forecasting sporting outcomes involves a great deal of insight into the particular area one is dealing with, and a considerable amount of intuition about the factors that bear on such outcomes and performances. The…

We analyze the time series of soccer matches in a model-free way using data for the German soccer league (Bundesliga). We argue that the goal difference is a better measure for the overall fitness of a team than the number of points. It is…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-13 Andreas Heuer , Oliver Rubner

Traditional interpretations of probability, whether frequentist or subjective, make no reference to the concept of energy. In this paper, we propose that assigning hypothetical energy levels to the outcomes of a random variable can yield…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-29 Yair Neuman , Yochai Cohen

Sports analytics -- broadly defined as the pursuit of improvement in athletic performance through the analysis of data -- has expanded its footprint both in the professional sports industry and in academia over the past 30 years. In this…

Applications · Statistics 2023-01-11 Benjamin S. Baumer , Gregory J. Matthews , Quang Nguyen

Predicting the results of soccer matches is of great interest. This is not only due to the popularity of the sport and the joy of private "betting rounds", but also due to the large sports betting market. Where previously expert knowledge…

Applications · Statistics 2025-07-09 Mirko Fischer , Andreas Heuer

The outcome of some football matches has benefited both teams at the expense of a third team because head-to-head results were used for breaking ties. Inspired by these examples, our mathematical analysis identifies all possible collusion…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-20 László Csató

Decisions taken in our everyday lives are based on a wide variety of information so it is generally very difficult to assess what are the strategies that guide us. Stock market therefore provides a rich environment to study how people take…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2016-09-28 Mario Gutiérrez-Roig , Carlota Segura , Jordi Duch , Josep Perelló

Results in contact sports like Rugby are mainly interpreted in terms of the ability and/or luck of teams. But this neglects the important role of the {\em motivation} of players, reflected in the effort exerted in the game. Here we present…

Applications · Statistics 2022-08-30 Federico Fioravanti , Fernando Delbianco , Fernando Tohmé

We propose utilizing match-level suspense and surprise - which capture the entertainment utility created by competitive balance and outcome uncertainty for sports spectators - as alternative policy targets for league organizers and…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-27 Raphael Flepp , Tim Pawlowski , Travis Richardson

Accurately predicting the outcome of sporting events has been a goal for many groups who seek to maximize profit. What makes this challenging is that the outcome of an event can be influenced by many factors that dynamically change across…

Applications · Statistics 2017-10-23 Erik J. Schlicht

Football is the world's most popular sport, evoking strong physiological and emotional responses among its fans. Yet, the specific dynamics of fan attachment to matches have received little attention in the literature. In this paper, we…

A risk-neutral valuation framework is developed for pricing and hedging in-play football bets based on modelling scores by independent Poisson processes with constant intensities. The Fundamental Theorems of Asset Pricing are applied to…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2018-11-12 Sebastian del Bano Rollin , Zsolt Bihari , Tomaso Aste

We run experimental asset markets to investigate the emergence of excess trading and the occurrence of synchronised trading activity leading to crashes in the artificial markets. The market environment favours early investment in the risky…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-12-14 Joao da Gama Batista , Domenico Massaro , Jean-Philippe Bouchaud , Damien Challet , Cars Hommes

We analyze the results of the German Team Handball Bundesliga for ten seasons in a model-free statistical time series approach. We will show that the home advantage is nearly negligible compared to the total sum of goals. Specific interest…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2012-07-04 Jens Smiatek , Andreas Heuer