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We generalize fast Gaussian process leave-one-out formulae to multiple-fold cross-validation, highlighting in turn the covariance structure of cross-validation residuals in both Simple and Universal Kriging frameworks. We illustrate how…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-06-06 David Ginsbourger , Cedric Schärer

Cross-validation is a widely used technique for evaluating the performance of prediction models, ranging from simple binary classification to complex precision medicine strategies. It helps correct for optimism bias in error estimates,…

Recent years have seen substantial advances in our understanding of high-dimensional ridge regression, but existing theories assume that training examples are independent. By leveraging techniques from random matrix theory and free…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-06 Alexander Atanasov , Jacob A. Zavatone-Veth , Cengiz Pehlevan

Cross-validation (CV) is known to provide asymptotically exact tests and confidence intervals for model improvement but only when the model comparison is relatively stable. Surprisingly, we prove that even simple, individually stable models…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-10 Alexandre Bayle , Lucas Janson , Lester Mackey

This article reviews recent progress in high-dimensional bootstrap. We first review high-dimensional central limit theorems for distributions of sample mean vectors over the rectangles, bootstrap consistency results in high dimensions, and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-20 Victor Chernozhukov , Denis Chetverikov , Kengo Kato , Yuta Koike

We revisit the problem of ensuring strong test set performance via cross-validation, and propose a nested k-fold cross-validation scheme that selects hyperparameters by minimizing a weighted sum of the usual cross-validation metric and an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Ryan Cory-Wright , Andrés Gómez

Modern data analysis and statistical learning are marked by complex data structures and black-box algorithms. Data complexity stems from technologies such as imaging, remote sensing, wearable devices, and genomic sequencing. At the same…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-30 Jing Lei

K-fold cross-validation (CV) with squared error loss is widely used for evaluating predictive models, especially when strong distributional assumptions cannot be taken. However, CV with squared error loss is not free from distributional…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-10 Assaf Rabinowicz , Saharon Rosset

Despite ongoing theoretical research on cross-validation (CV), many theoretical questions remain widely open. This motivates our investigation into how properties of algorithm-distribution pairs can affect the choice for the number of folds…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-09 Ido Nachum , Rüdiger Urbanke , Thomas Weinberger

Cross-validation plays a fundamental role in Machine Learning, enabling robust evaluation of model performance and preventing overestimation on training and validation data. However, one of its drawbacks is the potential to create data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Afonso Martini Spezia , Thomas Fontanari , Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza

This paper investigates the efficiency of the K-fold cross-validation (CV) procedure and a debiased version thereof as a means of estimating the generalization risk of a learning algorithm. We work under the general assumption of uniform…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-13 Anass Aghbalou , François Portier , Anne Sabourin

This study examines generalized cross-validation for the tuning parameter selection for ridge regression in high-dimensional misspecified linear models. The set of candidates for the tuning parameter includes not only positive values but…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-21 Akira Shinkyu

In this paper, for Lasso penalized linear regression models in high-dimensional settings, we propose a modified cross-validation method for selecting the penalty parameter. The methodology is extended to other penalties, such as Elastic…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-09-10 Yi Yu , Yang Feng

The problem of validating or criticising models for georeferenced data is challenging, since the conclusions can vary significantly depending on the locations of the validation set. This work proposes the use of cross-validation techniques…

Computation · Statistics 2018-02-19 Viviana G R Lobo , Thaís C O da Fonseca , Fernando A S Moura

Probabilistic regression models typically use the Maximum Likelihood Estimation or Cross-Validation to fit parameters. These methods can give an advantage to the solutions that fit observations on average, but they do not pay attention to…

Applications · Statistics 2022-05-24 Naoufal Acharki , Antoine Bertoncello , Josselin Garnier

Evaluating the predictive performance of a statistical model is commonly done using cross-validation. Among the various methods, leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) is frequently used. Originally designed for exchangeable observations,…

Computation · Statistics 2025-07-04 Zhedong Liu , Janet Van Niekerk , Haavard Rue

Structural estimation is an important methodology in empirical economics, and a large class of structural models are estimated through the generalized method of moments (GMM). Traditionally, selection of structural models has been performed…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-07-19 Junpei Komiyama , Hajime Shimao

Gaussian processes have become a promising tool for various safety-critical settings, since the posterior variance can be used to directly estimate the model error and quantify risk. However, state-of-the-art techniques for safety-critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-22 Alexandre Capone , Armin Lederer , Sandra Hirche

Many modern data analyses benefit from explicitly modeling dependence structure in data -- such as measurements across time or space, ordered words in a sentence, or genes in a genome. A gold standard evaluation technique is structured…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-02 Soumya Ghosh , William T. Stephenson , Tin D. Nguyen , Sameer K. Deshpande , Tamara Broderick

As a technique that can compactly represent complex patterns, machine learning has significant potential for predictive inference. K-fold cross-validation (CV) is the most common approach to ascertaining the likelihood that a machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-24 Juan M Gorriz , R. Martin Clemente , F Segovia , J Ramirez , A Ortiz , J. Suckling