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This paper presents models and optimization algorithms to jointly optimize the design and control of the transmission of electric vehicles equipped with one central electric motor (EM). First, considering the required traction power to be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-12 Juriaan van den Hurk , Mauro Salazar

In this paper we present an effective analytical modeling approach for the design of the transmission of electric vehicles. Specifically, we first devise an analytical loss model for an electric machine and show that it can be accurately…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-09 Theo Hofman , Mauro Salazar

This paper instantiates a convex electric powertrain design optimization framework, bridging the gap between high-level powertrain sizing and low-level components design. We focus on the electric motor and transmission of electric vehicles,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-02 Olaf Borsboom , Mauro Salazar , Theo Hofman

This paper presents a modeling and optimization framework to minimize the energy consumption of a fully electric powertrain by optimizing its design and control strategies whilst explicitly accounting for the thermal behavior of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-13 Mouleeswar Konda , Theo Hofman , Mauro Salazar

This paper presents a framework to jointly optimize the design and control of an electric race car equipped with a multiple-gear transmission, specifically accounting for the discrete gearshift dynamics. We formulate the problem as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-08 Camiel Cartignij , Mauro Salazar

This article presents an eco-driving algorithm for electric vehicles featuring multi-speed transmissions. The proposed controller is formulated as a co-optimization problem, simultaneously optimizing both vehicle longitudinal speed and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 Suiyi He , Zongxuan Sun

In this paper, we propose an optimization framework for the powertrain design of a two-wheel-driven electric superbike, minimizing energy consumption. Specifically, we jointly optimize the force distribution between the wheels with the gear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Adelmo Niccolai , Maurizio Clemente , Theo Hofman , Niccolò Baldanzini

This paper presents a modeling framework to optimize the two-dimensional placement of powertrain elements inside the vehicle, explicitly accounting for the rotation, relative placement and alignment. Specifically, we first capture the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-09 Jorn van Kampen , Mauro Salazar , Theo Hofman

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) represent the future of transportation, utilizing detailed traffic information to enhance control and decision-making. Eco-driving of CAVs has the potential to significantly improve energy efficiency,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-20 Zongtan Li , Yunli Shao

This paper presents a modeling and optimization framework to design battery electric micromobility vehicles, minimizing their total cost of ownership (TCO). Specifically, we first identify a model of the electric powertrain of an e-scooter…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-13 Olaf Korzilius , Olaf Borsboom , Theo Hofman , Mauro Salazar

This paper presents models and optimization methods to rapidly compute the achievable lap time of a race car equipped with a battery electric powertrain. Specifically, we first derive a quasi-convex model of the electric powertrain,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-18 Olaf Borsboom , Chyannie A. Fahdzyana , Mauro Salazar , Theo Hofman

This paper addresses the co-optimization of speed and gearshift control for battery electric vehicles using short-range traffic information. To achieve greater electric motor efficiency, a multi-speed transmission is employed, whose control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-07 Kyoungseok Han , Nan Li , Ilya Kolmanovsky , Anouck Girard , Yan Wang , Dimitar Filev , Edward Dai

The implementation of connected and automated vehicle technologies enables opportunities for a novel computational framework for real-time control actions aimed at optimizing energy consumption and associated benefits. In this paper, we…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-02-20 Liuhui Zhao , A M Ishtiaque Mahbub , Andreas A. Malikopoulos

We study Transformers through the perspective of optimal control theory, using tools from continuous-time formulations to derive actionable insights into training and architecture design. This framework improves the performance of existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Kelvin Kan , Xingjian Li , Benjamin J. Zhang , Tuhin Sahai , Stanley Osher , Markos A. Katsoulakis

This brief addresses the gearshifting problem for Semi-Automated Manual Transmissions (S-AMT) in powered two-wheelers, a powertrain setup that allows fast and smooth gear shifts with minimal modifications to the traditional manual…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-06 Edoardo Catenaro , Giulio Panzani , Davide Sette , Sergio M. Savaresi

This article explores the optimization of plant characteristics and controller parameters for electrified mobility. Electrification of mobile transportation systems, such as automobiles and aircraft, presents the ability to improve key…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-29 Donald J. Docimo , Ziliang Kang , Kai A. James , Andrew G. Alleyne

Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) provide the most intriguing opportunity to reduce energy consumption and travel delays. In this paper, we propose a two-level control architecture for CAVs to optimize (1) the vehicle's speed profile,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-01 A M Ishtiaque Mahbub , Andreas A. Malikopoulos

In recent years, Electric Vehicles (EVs) have seen widespread public adoption. While EVs produce zero tailpipe emissions, they contribute to an increase in another type of vehicular emission: tire emissions. Battery-operated EVs are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Chi-Bach Pham , Homayoun Hamedmoghadam Rafati , Robert Noel Shorten

To improve the driving mobility and energy efficiency of connected autonomous electrified vehicles, this paper presents an integrated longitudinal speed decision-making and energy efficiency control strategy. The proposed approach is a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-27 Teng Liu , Bo Wang , Dongpu Cao , Xiaolin Tang , Yalian Yang

In general, electric motor design procedures for automotive applications go through expensive trial-and-error processes or use simplified models that linearly stretch the efficiency map. In this paper, we explore the possibility of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-25 Olaf Borsboom , Martijn Lokker , Mauro Salazar , Theo Hofman
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