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Click-through rate(CTR) prediction is a core task in cost-per-click(CPC) advertising systems and has been studied extensively by machine learning practitioners. While many existing methods have been successfully deployed in practice, most…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Ke Hu , Yi Qi , Jianqiang Huang , Jia Cheng , Jun Lei

With the advancement of multimedia internet, the impact of visual characteristics on the decision of users to click or not within the online retail industry is increasingly significant. Thus, incorporating visual features is a promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Jia-Qi Yang , Chenglei Dai , Dan OU , Dongshuai Li , Ju Huang , De-Chuan Zhan , Xiaoyi Zeng , Yang Yang

Cross-validation (CV) is one of the most popular tools for assessing and selecting predictive models. However, standard CV suffers from high computational cost when the number of folds is large. Recently, under the empirical risk…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-30 Yuetian Luo , Zhimei Ren , Rina Foygel Barber

Recommendation is a prevalent and critical service in information systems. To provide personalized suggestions to users, industry players embrace machine learning, more specifically, building predictive models based on the click behavior…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He , Hanwang Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

Counterfactual reasoning from logged data has become increasingly important for many applications such as web advertising or healthcare. In this paper, we address the problem of learning stochastic policies with continuous actions from the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-24 Houssam Zenati , Alberto Bietti , Matthieu Martin , Eustache Diemert , Pierre Gaillard , Julien Mairal

In web search and recommendation systems, user clicks are widely used to train ranking models. However, click data is heavily biased, i.e., users tend to click higher-ranked items (position bias), choose only what was shown to them…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Haoming Gong , Qingyao Ai , Zhihao Tao , Yongfeng Zhang

In the e-commerce advertising scenario, estimating the true probabilities (known as a calibrated estimate) on Click-Through Rate (CTR) and Conversion Rate (CVR) is critical. Previous research has introduced numerous solutions for addressing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Shuai Yang , Hao Yang , Zhuang Zou , Linhe Xu , Shuo Yuan , Yifan Zeng

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, a core task in recommendation systems, estimates user click likelihood using historical behavioral data. Modeling user behavior sequences as text to leverage Language Models (LMs) for this task has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Zixuan Li , Binzong Geng , Jing Xiong , Yong He , Yuxuan Hu , Jian Chen , Dingwei Chen , Xiyu Chang , Liang Zhang , Linjian Mo , Chengming Li , Chuan Yuan , Zhenan Sun

Click-based learning to rank (LTR) tackles the mismatch between click frequencies on items and their actual relevance. The approach of previous work has been to assume a model of click behavior and to subsequently introduce a method for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Harrie Oosterhuis

The predictions of click through rate (CTR) and conversion rate (CVR) play a crucial role in the success of ad-recommendation systems. A Deep Hierarchical Ensemble Network (DHEN) has been proposed to integrate multiple feature crossing…

Conversion and conversion rate (CVR) prediction play a critical role in efficient advertising decision-making. In past decades, although researchers have developed plenty of models for CVR prediction, the methodological evolution and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Tao Xue , Yanwu Yang , Panyu Zhai

Counterfactual learning to rank (CLTR) relies on exposure-based inverse propensity scoring (IPS), a LTR-specific adaptation of IPS to correct for position bias. While IPS can provide unbiased and consistent estimates, it often suffers from…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Shashank Gupta , Harrie Oosterhuis , Maarten de Rijke

Common click-through rate (CTR) prediction recommender models tend to exhibit feature-level bias, which leads to unfair recommendations among item groups and inaccurate recommendations for users. While existing methods address this issue by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Jinqiu Jin , Sihao Ding , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng

Social media recommendation systems play a central role in shaping users' emotional experiences. However, most systems are optimized solely for engagement metrics, such as click rate, viewing time, or scrolling, without accounting for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Bhavika Jain , Robert Pitsko , Ananya Drishti , Mahfuza Farooque

In online advertising under the cost-per-conversion (CPA) model, accurate conversion rate (CVR) prediction is crucial. A major challenge is delayed feedback, where conversions may occur long after user interactions, leading to incomplete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Chenlu Ding , Jiancan Wu , Yancheng Yuan , Cunchun Li , Xiang Wang , Dingxian Wang , Frank Yang , Andrew Rabinovich

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in decision-making tasks, where not only accuracy but also reliable confidence estimates are essential. Well-calibrated confidence enables downstream systems to decide when to trust a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Duygu Nur Yaldiz , Evangelia Spiliopoulou , Zheng Qi , Siddharth Varia , Srikanth Doss , Nikolaos Pappas

Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction plays a core role in recommender systems, serving as the final-stage filter to rank items for a user. The key to addressing the CTR task is learning feature interactions that are useful for prediction,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Yang Zhang , Tianhao Shi , Fuli Feng , Wenjie Wang , Dingxian Wang , Xiangnan He , Yongdong Zhang

Scaling a Search Conversion Rate (CVR) prediction model, especially in high-traffic environments, presents a challenge: superior model quality needs to be balanced with strict constraints on training cost and serving latency. This paper…

Click-through rate (CTR) prediction is crucial for personalized online services. Sample-level retrieval-based models, such as RIM, have demonstrated remarkable performance. However, they face challenges including inference inefficiency and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Huanshuo Liu , Bo Chen , Menghui Zhu , Jianghao Lin , Jiarui Qin , Yang Yang , Hao Zhang , Ruiming Tang

In recommendation systems, predicting Click-Through Rate (CTR) is crucial for accurately matching users with items. To improve recommendation performance for cold-start and long-tail items, recent studies focus on leveraging item multimodal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Yining Yao , Ziwei Li , Shuwen Xiao , Boya Du , Jialin Zhu , Junjun Zheng , Xiangheng Kong , Yuning Jiang