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Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) represent dynamic facts as timestamped relations between entities. TKG completion involves forecasting missing or future links, requiring models to reason over time-evolving structure. While LLMs show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Ömer Faruk Akgül , Feiyu Zhu , Yuxin Yang , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Stemming from traditional knowledge graphs (KGs), hyper-relational KGs (HKGs) provide additional key-value pairs (i.e., qualifiers) for each KG fact that help to better restrict the fact validity. In recent years, there has been an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Zifeng Ding , Jingcheng Wu , Jingpei Wu , Yan Xia , Volker Tresp

Knowledge Graph Question Answering (KGQA) involves retrieving facts from a Knowledge Graph (KG) using natural language queries. A KG is a curated set of facts consisting of entities linked by relations. Certain facts include also temporal…

Knowledge Graph (KG) reasoning that predicts missing facts for incomplete KGs has been widely explored. However, reasoning over Temporal KG (TKG) that predicts facts in the future is still far from resolved. The key to predict future facts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Zixuan Li , Xiaolong Jin , Wei Li , Saiping Guan , Jiafeng Guo , Huawei Shen , Yuanzhuo Wang , Xueqi Cheng

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) is an extension of traditional Knowledge Graph (KG) that incorporates the dimension of time. Reasoning on TKGs is a crucial task that aims to predict future facts based on historical occurrences. The key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Hao Dong , Pengyang Wang , Meng Xiao , Zhiyuan Ning , Pengfei Wang , Yuanchun Zhou

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) reasoning that forecasts future events based on historical snapshots distributed over timestamps is denoted as extrapolation and has gained significant attention. Owing to its extreme versatility and variation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Jinchuan Zhang , Bei Hui , Chong Mu , Ling Tian

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) reasoning focuses on predicting events through historical information within snapshots distributed on a timeline. Existing studies mainly concentrate on two perspectives of leveraging the history of TKGs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Jinchuan Zhang , Ming Sun , Chong Mu , Jinhao Zhang , Quanjiang Guo , Ling Tian

How can we perform knowledge reasoning over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs)? TKGs represent facts about entities and their relations, where each fact is associated with a timestamp. Reasoning over TKGs, i.e., inferring new facts from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Namyong Park , Fuchen Liu , Purvanshi Mehta , Dana Cristofor , Christos Faloutsos , Yuxiao Dong

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) is an extension of regular knowledge graph by attaching the time scope. Existing temporal knowledge graph question answering (TKGQA) models solely approach simple questions, owing to the prior assumption that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Rikui Huang , Wei Wei , Xiaoye Qu , Wenfeng Xie , Xianling Mao , Dangyang Chen

Reasoning over Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) aims to predict future facts based on given history. One of the key challenges for prediction is to learn the evolution of facts. Most existing works focus on exploring evolutionary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Yuwei Xia , Mengqi Zhang , Qiang Liu , Shu Wu , Xiao-Yu Zhang

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) is an efficient method for describing the dynamic development of facts along a timeline. Most research on TKG reasoning (TKGR) focuses on modelling the repetition of global facts and designing patterns of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Yuehang Si , Zefan Zeng , Jincai Huang , Qing Cheng

Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) store temporal facts with quadruple formats (s, p, o, t). Existing Temporal Knowledge Graph Embedding (TKGE) models perform link prediction tasks in transductive or semi-inductive settings, which means the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jiaxin Pan , Mojtaba Nayyeri , Osama Mohammed , Daniel Hernandez , Rongchuan Zhang , Cheng Cheng , Steffen Staab

Temporal Knowledge Graph (TKG) forecasting aims to predict future facts based on given histories. Most recent graph-based models excel at capturing structural information within TKGs but lack semantic comprehension abilities. Nowadays, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Yuwei Xia , Ding Wang , Qiang Liu , Liang Wang , Shu Wu , Xiaoyu Zhang

Knowledge graph reasoning (KGR), aiming to deduce new facts from existing facts based on mined logic rules underlying knowledge graphs (KGs), has become a fast-growing research direction. It has been proven to significantly benefit the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Ke Liang , Lingyuan Meng , Meng Liu , Yue Liu , Wenxuan Tu , Siwei Wang , Sihang Zhou , Xinwang Liu , Fuchun Sun

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) reasoning aims to infer future facts at unseen timestamps from temporally evolving entities and relations. Despite recent progress, existing approaches still suffer from inherent limitations due to their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shuai-Long Lei , Xiaobin Zhu , Jiarui Liang , Guoxi Sun , Zhiyu Fang , Xu-Cheng Yin

Temporal Knowledge Graphs (TKGs) have been developed and used in many different areas. Reasoning on TKGs that predicts potential facts (events) in the future brings great challenges to existing models. When facing a prediction task, human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Zixuan Li , Xiaolong Jin , Saiping Guan , Wei Li , Jiafeng Guo , Yuanzhuo Wang , Xueqi Cheng

Temporal knowledge graph (TKG) reasoning aims to predict future events from historical facts. A key challenge lies in jointly capturing two sources of predictive information in TKGs: historical evidence and evolutionary dynamics. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Shuai-long Lei , Xiaobin Zhu , Jiarui Liang , Guoxi Sun , Zhiyu Fang , Xu-Cheng Yin

Knowledge graph completion (KGC) can predict missing links and is crucial for real-world knowledge graphs, which widely suffer from incompleteness. KGC methods assume a knowledge graph is static, but that may lead to inaccurate prediction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Borui Cai , Yong Xiang , Longxiang Gao , He Zhang , Yunfeng Li , Jianxin Li

Question answering over temporal knowledge graphs (TKGQA) has recently found increasing interest. TKGQA requires temporal reasoning techniques to extract the relevant information from temporal knowledge bases. The only existing TKGQA…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Zifeng Ding , Zongyue Li , Ruoxia Qi , Jingpei Wu , Bailan He , Yunpu Ma , Zhao Meng , Shuo Chen , Ruotong Liao , Zhen Han , Volker Tresp

Temporal knowledge graphs (TKGs) inherently reflect the transient nature of real-world knowledge, as opposed to static knowledge graphs. Naturally, automatic TKG completion has drawn much research interests for a more realistic modeling of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Jaehun Jung , Jinhong Jung , U Kang
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