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The limited context window of contemporary large language models (LLMs) remains a primary bottleneck for their broader application across diverse domains. Although continual pre-training on long-context data offers a straightforward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Wei Han , Pan Zhou , Soujanya Poria , Shuicheng Yan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly strong contenders in machine translation. In this work, we focus on document-level translation, where some words cannot be translated without context from outside the sentence. Specifically, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Wafaa Mohammed , Vlad Niculae

Large language models (LLMs) have showcased their capability with few-shot inference known as in-context learning. However, in-domain demonstrations are not always readily available in real scenarios, leading to cross-domain in-context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Quanyu Long , Wenya Wang , Sinno Jialin Pan

Due to their ability to process long and complex contexts, LLMs can offer key benefits to the Legal domain, but their adoption has been hindered by their tendency to generate unfaithful, ungrounded, or hallucinatory outputs. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Santosh T. Y. S. S , Youssef Tarek Elkhayat , Oana Ichim , Pranav Shetty , Dongsheng Wang , Zhiqiang Ma , Armineh Nourbakhsh , Xiaomo Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have enabled a wide variety of real-world applications in various domains. However, creating a high-performing application with high accuracy remains challenging, particularly for subjective tasks like emotion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Mengqi Wang , Tiantian Feng , Shrikanth Narayanan

Training machines to understand natural language and interact with humans is one of the major goals of artificial intelligence. Recent years have witnessed an evolution from matching networks to pre-trained language models (PrLMs). In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao , Longxiang Liu

Though large language models (LLMs) have enabled great success across a wide variety of tasks, they still appear to fall short of one of the loftier goals of artificial intelligence research: creating an artificial system that can adapt its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Michael A. Lepori , Tal Linzen , Ann Yuan , Katja Filippova

This paper addresses end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) for long audio recordings such as lecture and conversational speeches. Most end-to-end ASR models are designed to recognize independent utterances, but contextual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Takaaki Hori , Niko Moritz , Chiori Hori , Jonathan Le Roux

Document-level machine translation manages to outperform sentence level models by a small margin, but have failed to be widely adopted. We argue that previous research did not make a clear use of the global context, and propose a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Zaixiang Zheng , Xiang Yue , Shujian Huang , Jiajun Chen , Alexandra Birch

Neural networks provide new possibilities to automatically learn complex language patterns and query-document relations. Neural IR models have achieved promising results in learning query-document relevance patterns, but few explorations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Zhuyun Dai , Jamie Callan

We propose a neural machine translation architecture that models the surrounding text in addition to the source sentence. These models lead to better performance, both in terms of general translation quality and pronoun prediction, when…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-19 Sebastien Jean , Stanislas Lauly , Orhan Firat , Kyunghyun Cho

Contextual information, such as the co-occurrence of objects and the spatial and relative size among objects provides deep and complex information about scenes. It also can play an important role in improving object detection. In this work,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Faisal Alamri , Nicolas Pugeault

When reading a text, it is common to become stuck on unfamiliar words and phrases, such as polysemous words with novel senses, rarely used idioms, internet slang, or emerging entities. If we humans cannot figure out the meaning of those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Shonosuke Ishiwatari , Hiroaki Hayashi , Naoki Yoshinaga , Graham Neubig , Shoetsu Sato , Masashi Toyoda , Masaru Kitsuregawa

Many real-world tasks require language models (LMs) to reason over complex contexts that exceed their parametric knowledge. This calls for context learning, where LMs directly learn relevant knowledge from the given context. An intuitive…

In-context learning is fundamental to modern Large Language Models (LLMs); however, prevailing architectures impose a rigid and fixed contextual structure by assigning linear or constant positional indices. Drawing on Cognitive Load Theory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Huayang Li , Tianyu Zhao , Deng Cai , Richard Sproat

Language models have been shown to perform better with an increase in scale on a wide variety of tasks via the in-context learning paradigm. In this paper, we investigate the hypothesis that the ability of a large language model to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Hritik Bansal , Karthik Gopalakrishnan , Saket Dingliwal , Sravan Bodapati , Katrin Kirchhoff , Dan Roth

Existing research suggests that automatic speech recognition (ASR) models can benefit from additional contexts (e.g., contact lists, user specified vocabulary). Rare words and named entities can be better recognized with contexts. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-16 Ruizhe Huang , Mahsa Yarmohammadi , Sanjeev Khudanpur , Daniel Povey

Effective token compression remains a critical challenge for scaling models to handle increasingly complex and diverse datasets. A novel mechanism based on contextual reinforcement is introduced, dynamically adjusting token importance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Naderdel Piero , Zacharias Cromwell , Nathaniel Wainwright , Matthias Nethercott

We propose spoken sentence embeddings which capture both acoustic and linguistic content. While existing works operate at the character, phoneme, or word level, our method learns long-term dependencies by modeling speech at the sentence…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Albert Haque , Michelle Guo , Prateek Verma , Li Fei-Fei

Recent advances in large-scale pre-training such as GPT-3 allow seemingly high quality text to be generated from a given prompt. However, such generation systems often suffer from problems of hallucinated facts, and are not inherently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-25 Yizhe Zhang , Siqi Sun , Xiang Gao , Yuwei Fang , Chris Brockett , Michel Galley , Jianfeng Gao , Bill Dolan
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