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In the supervised learning setting termed Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL), the examples are bags of instances, and the bag label is a function of the labels of its instances. Typically, this function is the Boolean OR. The learner observes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Sivan Sabato , Naftali Tishby

In Multiple Instance Learning (MIL), models are trained using bags of instances, where only a single label is provided for each bag. A bag label is often only determined by a handful of key instances within a bag, making it difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Joseph Early , Christine Evers , Sarvapali Ramchurn

Multiple instance learning is qualified for many pattern recognition tasks with weakly annotated data. The combination of artificial neural network and multiple instance learning offers an end-to-end solution and has been widely utilized.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Jingjun Yi , Beichen Zhou

Weakly supervised whole slide image classification is usually formulated as a multiple instance learning (MIL) problem, where each slide is treated as a bag, and the patches cut out of it are treated as instances. Existing methods either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Linhao Qu , Yingfan Ma , Xiaoyuan Luo , Manning Wang , Zhijian Song

In multiple instance multiple label learning, each sample, a bag, consists of multiple instances. To alleviate labeling complexity, each sample is associated with a set of bag-level labels leaving instances within the bag unlabeled. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Tam Nguyen , Raviv Raich

Occlusion and clutter are two scene states that make it difficult to detect anomalies in surveillance video. Furthermore, anomaly events are rare and, as a consequence, class imbalance and lack of labeled anomaly data are also key features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Silas Santiago Lopes Pereira , José Everardo Bessa Maia

Multi-instance learning (MIL) is a form of weakly supervised learning where a single class label is assigned to a bag of instances while the instance-level labels are not available. Training classifiers to accurately determine the bag label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Bin Li , Kevin W. Eliceiri

Multiple Instance Learning is the predominant method for Whole Slide Image classification in digital pathology, enabling the use of slide-level labels to supervise model training. Although MIL eliminates the tedious fine-grained annotation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Chen Shu , Boyu Fu , Yiman Li , Ting Yin , Wenchuan Zhang , Jie Chen , Yuhao Yi , Hong Bu

Deep learning-based classification of rare anemia disorders is challenged by the lack of training data and instance-level annotations. Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has shown to be an effective solution, yet it suffers from low accuracy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Salome Kazeminia , Ario Sadafi , Asya Makhro , Anna Bogdanova , Shadi Albarqouni , Carsten Marr

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a framework for weakly supervised classification, where labels are assigned to sets of instances, i.e., bags, rather than to individual data points. This paradigm has proven effective in tasks where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Salome Kazeminia , Carsten Marr , Bastian Rieck

The dynamic environment of laboratories and clinics, with streams of data arriving on a daily basis, requires regular updates of trained machine learning models for consistent performance. Continual learning is supposed to help train models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Zahra Ebrahimi , Raheleh Salehi , Nassir Navab , Carsten Marr , Ario Sadafi

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a weakly-supervised problem in which one label is assigned to the whole bag of instances. An important class of MIL models is instance-based, where we first classify instances and then aggregate those…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-13 Łukasz Struski , Dawid Rymarczyk , Arkadiusz Lewicki , Robert Sabiniewicz , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński

We study the problem of learning from aggregate observations where supervision signals are given to sets of instances instead of individual instances, while the goal is still to predict labels of unseen individuals. A well-known example is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-08 Yivan Zhang , Nontawat Charoenphakdee , Zhenguo Wu , Masashi Sugiyama

In many real-world tasks, particularly those involving data objects with complicated semantics such as images and texts, one object can be represented by multiple instances and simultaneously be associated with multiple labels. Such tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Sheng-Jun Huang , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Multiple-instance learning (MIL) is a paradigm of machine learning that aims to classify a set (bag) of objects (instances), assigning labels only to the bags. This problem is often addressed by selecting an instance to represent each bag,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Sonia Castelo , Moacir Ponti , Rosane Minghim

We propose a new formulation of Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL), in which a unit of data consists of a set of instances called a bag. The goal is to find a good classifier of bags based on the similarity with a "shapelet" (or pattern),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Daiki Suehiro , Kohei Hatano , Eiji Takimoto , Shuji Yamamoto , Kenichi Bannai , Akiko Takeda

We address the problem of \emph{instance label stability} in multiple instance learning (MIL) classifiers. These classifiers are trained only on globally annotated images (bags), but often can provide fine-grained annotations for image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Veronika Cheplygina , Lauge Sørensen , David M. J. Tax , Marleen de Bruijne , Marco Loog

Labeling data for classification requires significant human effort. To reduce labeling cost, instead of labeling every instance, a group of instances (bag) is labeled by a single bag label. Computer algorithms are then used to infer the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-11-18 Anh T. Pham , Raviv Raich , Xiaoli Z. Fern

In this paper, we propose a novel approach to tackle the multiple instance regression (MIR) problem. This problem arises when the data is a collection of bags, where each bag is made of multiple instances corresponding to the same unique…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-13 Thomas Uriot

Recently neural networks and multiple instance learning are both attractive topics in Artificial Intelligence related research fields. Deep neural networks have achieved great success in supervised learning problems, and multiple instance…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-04-08 Xinggang Wang , Yongluan Yan , Peng Tang , Xiang Bai , Wenyu Liu