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Let $G$ be an edge-colored graph. We use $e(G)$ and $c(G)$ to denote the number of edges and colors in $G$, respectively. A subgraph $H$ is called rainbow if $c(H)=e(H)$. Li et al. (European J. Combin., 36 (2014), 453-459) proved that every…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Hongliang Lu , Zixuan Yang , Feihong Yuan

We call an edge colouring of a graph G a rainbow colouring if every pair of vertices is joined by a rainbow path, i.e., a path where no two edges have the same colour. The minimum number of colours required for a rainbow colouring of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-02-03 Annika Heckel , Oliver Riordan

An edge-colored graph $G$ is called rainbow if every edge of $G$ receives a different color. The anti-Ramsey number of $t$ edge-disjoint rainbow spanning trees, denoted by $r(n,t)$, is defined as the maximum number of colors in an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-11-19 Linyuan Lu , Zhiyu Wang

A path in an edge colored graph is said to be a rainbow path if no two edges on the path have the same color. An edge colored graph is (strongly) rainbow connected if there exists a (geodesic) rainbow path between every pair of vertices.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-04-13 Prabhanjan Ananth , Meghana Nasre

A subgraph of an edge-coloured complete graph is called rainbow if all its edges have different colours. The study of rainbow decompositions has a long history, going back to the work of Euler on Latin squares. In this paper we discuss…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-20 Alexey Pokrovskiy , Benny Sudakov

Let $G$ be a graph on $n$ vertices and let $k$ be a fixed positive integer. We denote by $\mathcal G_{\text{$k$-out}}(G)$ the probability space consisting of subgraphs of $G$ where each vertex $v\in V(G)$ randomly picks $k$ neighbors from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-10-09 Asaf Ferber , Gal Kronenberg , Frank Mousset , Clara Shikhelman

An edge-coloured cycle is rainbow if the edges have distinct colours. Let $G$ be a graph such that any $k$ vertices lie in a cycle of $G$. The $k$-rainbow cycle index of $G$, denoted by $crx_k(G)$, is the minimum number of colours required…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-31 Henry Liu

A rainbow stacking of $r$-edge-colorings $\chi_1, \ldots, \chi_m$ of the complete graph on $n$ vertices is a way of superimposing $\chi_1, \ldots, \chi_m$ so that no edges of the same color are superimposed on each other. We determine a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-05-24 Noga Alon , Colin Defant , Noah Kravitz

In this note we examine the following random graph model: for an arbitrary graph $H$, with quadratic many edges, construct a graph $G$ by randomly adding $m$ edges to $H$ and randomly coloring the edges of $G$ with $r$ colors. We show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-28 József Balogh , John Finlay , Cory Palmer

An edge-colored graph $G$ is rainbow connected, if any two vertices are connected by a path whose edges have distinct colors. The rainbow connection number of a connected graph $G$, denoted $rc(G)$, is the smallest number of colors that are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-10-27 Xueliang Li , Mengmeng Liu , Ingo Schiermeyer

An edge-colored graph $G$ is rainbow connected if any two vertices are connected by a path whose edges have distinct colors. The rainbow connection number of a connected graph $G$, denoted $rc(G)$, is the smallest number of colors that are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-12-05 Arash Ahadi , Ali Dehghan

A perfect matching M in an edge-colored complete bipartite graph K_{n,n} is rainbow if no pair of edges in M have the same color. We obtain asymptotic enumeration results for the number of rainbow matchings in terms of the maximum number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-04-15 Guillem Perarnau , Oriol Serra

A path in an edge-colored graph, where adjacent edges may be colored the same, is a rainbow path if no two edges of it are colored the same. A nontrivial connected graph $G$ is rainbow connected if there is a rainbow path connecting any two…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-12 Xueliang Li , Yuefang Sun , Yan Zhao

Given a family $\mathcal G$ of graphs on a common vertex set $X$, we say that $\mathcal G$ is rainbow connected if for every vertex pair $u,v \in X$, there exists a path from $u$ to $v$ that uses at most one edge from each graph in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-15 Peter Bradshaw , Bojan Mohar

A rainbow graph is a graph that admits a vertex-coloring such that every color appears exactly once in the neighborhood of each vertex. We investigate some properties of rainbow graphs. In particular, we show that there is a bijection…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-01 Suho Oh , Hwanchul Yoo , Taedong Yun

The rainbow arborescence conjecture posits that if the arcs of a directed graph with $n$ vertices are colored by $n-1$ colors such that each color class forms a spanning arborescence, then there is a spanning arborescence that contains…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-10 Kristóf Bérczi , Tamás Király , Yutaro Yamaguchi , Yu Yokoi

An edge colored graph $G$ is rainbow edge connected if any two vertices are connected by a path whose edges have distinct colors. The rainbow connectivity of a connected graph $G$, denoted by $rc(G)$, is the smallest number of colors that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-10-03 Alan Frieze , Charalampos E. Tsourakakis

An edge-colored graph is a graph in which each edge is assigned a color. Such a graph is called strongly edge-colored if each color class forms an induced matching, and called rainbow if all edges receive pairwise distinct colors. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Laihao Ding , Xiaolan Hu , Suyun Jiang

Let $G$ be an edge-colored graph. The color degree of a vertex $v$ of $G$, is defined as the number of colors of the edges incident to $v$. The color number of $G$ is defined as the number of colors of the edges in $G$. A rainbow triangle…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-27 Binlong Li , Bo Ning , Chuandong Xu , Shenggui Zhang

A path in an edge-colored graph is said to be a rainbow path if no two edges on the path have the same color. An edge-colored graph is (strongly) rainbow connected if there exists a rainbow (geodesic) path between every pair of vertices.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-09-28 Shasha Li , Xueliang Li