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Autonomous systems (AS) are systems that have the capability to take decisions free from direct human control. AS are increasingly being considered for adoption for applications where their behaviour may cause harm, such as when used for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Richard Hawkins , Matt Osborne , Mike Parsons , Mark Nicholson , John McDermid , Ibrahim Habli

Algorithmic assurances from advanced autonomous systems assist human users in understanding, trusting, and using such systems appropriately. Designing these systems with the capacity of assessing their own capabilities is one approach to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-10 Brett W Israelsen , Nisar R Ahmed , Eric Frew , Dale Lawrence , Brian Argrow

Providing safety guarantees for autonomous systems is difficult as these systems operate in complex environments that require the use of learning-enabled components, such as deep neural networks (DNNs) for visual perception. DNNs are hard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Corina Pasareanu , Ravi Mangal , Divya Gopinath , Huafeng Yu

The evolution of autonomous driving has made remarkable advancements in recent years, evolving into a tangible reality. However, a human-centric large-scale adoption hinges on meeting a variety of multifaceted requirements. To ensure that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Yi Yang , Qingwen Zhang , Ci Li , Daniel Simões Marta , Nazre Batool , John Folkesson

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has markedly expanded their application across diverse domains, transforming how complex problems are approached and solved. Initially conceived to predict subsequent words in texts, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Sumedh Rasal , E. J. Hauer

The use of artificial intelligence models has recently grown common; we may use them to write lines of code for us, summarize readings, draft emails, or even illustrate images. But when it comes to important decisions we need to make, such…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Ali Saffarini

We present a substantial extension of our Human-Aware Task Planning framework, tailored for scenarios with intermittent shared execution experiences and significant belief divergence between humans and robots, particularly due to the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Shashank Shekhar , Anthony Favier , Rachid Alami

The discourse on responsible artificial intelligence (AI) regulation is understandably dominated by risk-focused assessments and analyses. This approach reflects the fundamental uncertainty policymakers face when determining appropriate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Willem Fourie

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) use complex decision-making (DM) models with multimodal sensory inputs, making rigorous validation and verification (V&V) essential for safety and reliability. These models pose challenges in diagnosing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Halit Eris , Stefan Wagner

We advance a doxastic interpretation for many of the logical connectives considered in Dependence Logic and in its extensions, and we argue that Team Semantics is a natural framework for reasoning about beliefs and belief updates.

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-05-22 Pietro Galliani

As autonomous systems (AS) increasingly become part of our daily lives, ensuring their trustworthiness is crucial. In order to demonstrate the trustworthiness of an AS, we first need to specify what is required for an AS to be considered…

Mechanistic interpretability is the program of explaining what AI systems are doing in terms of their internal mechanisms. I analyze some aspects of the program, along with setting out some concrete challenges and assessing progress to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 David J. Chalmers

How should an agent decide when and how to plan? A dominant approach builds agents as reactive policies with adaptive computation (e.g., chain-of-thought), trained end-to-end expecting planning to emerge implicitly. Without control over the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Mingkai Deng , Jinyu Hou , Lara Sá Neves , Varad Pimpalkhute , Taylor W. Killian , Zhengzhong Liu , Eric P. Xing

Deployed, autonomous AI systems must often evaluate multiple plausible courses of action (extended sequences of behavior) in novel or under-specified contexts. Despite extensive training, these systems will inevitably encounter scenarios…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Steven J. Jones , Robert E. Wray , John E. Laird

The growing interest in Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) motivates promising studies of computing optimal Interpretable Machine Learning models, especially decision trees. Such models generally provide optimality in compact size or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Hao Hu , Shaowei Cai

Human preferences in RLHF are typically modeled as a function of the human's reward function or corresponding optimal state-action values. In this work, we propose that human beliefs about the capabilities of the agent being trained also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sylee Dandekar , Shripad Deshmukh , Frank Chiu , W. Bradley Knox , Scott Niekum

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable results on tasks framed as reasoning problems, yet their true ability to perform procedural reasoning, executing multi-step, rule-based computations remains unclear. Unlike algorithmic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Mahdi Samiei , Mahdi Mansouri , Mahdieh Soleymani Baghshah

Decision-making is increasingly supported by machine recommendations. In healthcare, for example, a clinical decision support system is used by the physician to find a treatment option for a patient. In doing so, people can rely too much on…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Simon WS Fischer

Learning composable policies for environments with complex rules and tasks is a challenging problem. We introduce a hierarchical reinforcement learning framework called the Logical Options Framework (LOF) that learns policies that are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Brandon Araki , Xiao Li , Kiran Vodrahalli , Jonathan DeCastro , Micah J. Fry , Daniela Rus

We propose the use of the hypothetical retrospection argumentation procedure, developed by Sven Ove Hansson to improve existing approaches to machine ethical reasoning by accounting for probability and uncertainty from a position of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Simon Kolker , Louise Dennis , Ramon Fraga Pereira , Mengwei Xu