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Vehicular Controller Area Networks (CANs) are susceptible to cyber attacks of different levels of sophistication. Fabrication attacks are the easiest to administer -- an adversary simply sends (extra) frames on a CAN -- but also the easiest…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Pablo Moriano , Robert A. Bridges , Michael D. Iannacone

Nowadays, the interconnection of automotive systems with modern digital devices offers advanced user experiences to drivers. Electronic Control Units (ECUs) carry out a multitude of operations using the insecure Controller Area Network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Xuhang Ying , Giuseppe Bernieri , Mauro Conti , Radha Poovendran

Connected vehicles are vulnerable to manipulation and a broad attack surface can be used to intrude in-vehicle networks from anywhere on earth. In this work, we present an integrated security infrastructure comprising network protection,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Timo Häckel , Philipp Meyer , Lukas Stahlbock , Falk Langer , Sebastian A. Eckhardt , Franz Korf , Thomas C. Schmidt

Previous research works have endorsed the use of delays and clock skews for detecting intrusions or fingerprinting ECUs on the CAN bus. Similar techniques have been also proposed for establishing a time-covert cryptographic authentication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Bogdan Groza , Lucian Popa , Pal-Stefan Murvay

Malicious peripherals designed to attack their host computers are a growing problem. Inexpensive and powerful peripherals that attach to plug-and-play buses have made such attacks easy to mount. Making matters worse, commodity operating…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2016-08-19 Sebastian Angel , Riad S. Wahby , Max Howald , Joshua B. Leners , Michael Spilo , Zhen Sun , Andrew J. Blumberg , Michael Walfish

The automotive market is increasingly profitable for cyberattacks with the constant shift toward fully interconnected vehicles. Electronic Control Units (ECUs) installed on cars often operate in a critical and hostile environment. Hence,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Franco Oberti , Ernesto Sanchez , Alessandro Savino , Filippo Parisi , Stefano Di Carlo

Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) enhance mobility but face cybersecurity threats, particularly through the insecure Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. Cyberattacks can have devastating consequences in connected vehicles, including…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Muzun Althunayyan , Amir Javed , Omer Rana

The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus works as an important protocol in the real-time In-Vehicle Network (IVN) systems for its simple, suitable, and robust architecture. The risk of IVN devices has still been insecure and vulnerable due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Sk. Tanzir Mehedi , Adnan Anwar , Ziaur Rahman , Kawsar Ahmed

Intrusion detection for Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol requires modern methods in order to compete with other electrical architectures. Fingerprint Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) provide a promising new approach to solve this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-24 Kunaal Verma , Mansi Girdhar , Azeem Hafeez , Selim S. Awad

As the central nerve of the intelligent vehicle control system, the in-vehicle network bus is crucial to the security of vehicle driving. One of the best standards for the in-vehicle network is the Controller Area Network (CAN bus)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yongqi Dong , Kejia Chen , Yinxuan Peng , Zhiyuan Ma

Attackers demonstrated the use of remote access to the in-vehicle network of connected vehicles to launch cyber-attacks and remotely take control of these vehicles. Machine-learning-based Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) techniques have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Mubark B Jedh , Jian Kai Lee , Lotfi ben Othmane

In a modern vehicle, there are over seventy Electronics Control Units (ECUs). For an in-vehicle network, ECUs communicate with each other by following a standard communication protocol, such as Controller Area Network (CAN). However, an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Yi Li , Jing Lin , Kaiqi Xiong

The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol is a standard for in-vehicle communication but remains susceptible to cyber-attacks due to its lack of built-in security. This paper presents a multi-stage intrusion detection framework leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Robert Frenken , Sidra Ghayour Bhatti , Hanqin Zhang , Qadeer Ahmed

In recent years, the security of automotive Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) is facing urgent threats due to the widespread use of legacy in-vehicle communication systems. As a representative legacy bus system, the Controller Area Network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Xuhang Ying , Giuseppe Bernieri , Mauro Conti , Linda Bushnell , Radha Poovendran

Controller networks in today's automotive systems consist of more than 100 ECUs connected by various bus protocols. Seamless operation of the entire system requires a well-orchestrated interaction of these ECUs. Consequently, to ensure…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-29 Max J. Friese , Dirk Nowotka

Modern automotive functions are controlled by a large number of small computers called electronic control units (ECUs). These functions span from safety-critical autonomous driving to comfort and infotainment. ECUs communicate with one…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Ivo Zenden , Han Wang , Alfonso Iacovazzi , Arash Vahidi , Rolf Blom , Shahid Raza

Vehicle diagnostics has become essential for detecting in-vehicle errors and ensuring safety. While the Unified Diagnostic Services (UDS) protocol is widely adopted for diagnostic operations, it relies on the ISO 15765-2 standard as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Seungjin Baek , Seonghoon Jeong , Huy Kang Kim

Controller Area Network (CAN) is one of the in-vehicle network protocols that is used to communicate among Electronic Control Units (ECUs) and has been de-facto standard. CAN is simple and has several vulnerabilities such as unable to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Shuji Ohira , Araya Kibrom Desta , Tomoya Kitagawa , Ismail Arai , Kazutoshi Fujikawa

Modern vehicles are complex safety critical cyber physical systems, that are connected to the outside world, with all security implications that brings. To enhance vehicle security several network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Guillaume Dupont , Jerry den Hartog , Sandro Etalle , Alexios Lekidis

The automobile industry is no longer relying on pure mechanical systems; instead, it benefits from advanced Electronic Control Units (ECUs) in order to provide new and complex functionalities in the effort to move toward fully connected…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Franco Oberti , Alessandro Savino , Ernesto Sanchez , Filippo Parisi , Stefano Di Carlo