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When it comes to in-vehicle networks (IVNs), the controller area network -- CAN -- bus dominates the market; automobiles manufactured and sold around the world depend on the CAN bus for safety-critical communications between various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Brooke Lampe , Weizhi Meng

With the development of autonomous vehicle technology, the controller area network (CAN) bus has become the de facto standard for an in-vehicle communication system because of its simplicity and efficiency. However, without any encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Thien-Nu Hoang , Daehee Kim

Dozens of Electronic Control Units (ECUs) can be found on modern vehicles for safety and driving assistance. These ECUs also introduce new security vulnerabilities as recent attacks have been reported by plugging the in-vehicle system or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Qian Wang , Zhaojun Lu , Gang Qu

The CAN Bus is crucial to the efficiency, and safety of modern vehicle infrastructure. Electronic Control Units (ECUs) exchange data across a shared bus, dropping messages whenever errors occur. If an ECU generates enough errors, their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Matthew Rogers , Kasper Rasmussen

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is the most common protocol interconnecting the various control units of modern cars. Its vulnerabilities are somewhat known but we argue they are not yet fully explored -- although the protocol is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Giampaolo Bella , Pietro Biondi

The network of services, including delivery, farming, and environmental monitoring, has experienced exponential expansion in the past decade with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Yet, UAVs are not robust enough against cyberattacks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Reek Majumder , Gurcan Comert , David Werth , Adrian Gale , Mashrur Chowdhury , M Sabbir Salek

Modern vehicles rely on a myriad of electronic control units (ECUs) interconnected via controller area networks (CANs) for critical operations. Despite their ubiquitous use and reliability, CANs are susceptible to sophisticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-18 William Marfo , Pablo Moriano , Deepak K. Tosh , Shirley V. Moore

Controller Area Network (CAN) is an essential networking protocol that connects multiple electronic control units (ECUs) in a vehicle. However, CAN-based in-vehicle networks (IVNs) face security risks owing to the CAN mechanisms. An…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Seonghoon Jeong , Sangho Lee , Hwejae Lee , Huy Kang Kim

This work focuses on eliminating timing-side channels in real-time safety-critical cyber-physical network protocols like Controller Area Networks (CAN). Automotive Electronic Control Units (ECUs) implement predictable scheduling decisions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Sunandan Adhikary , Ipsita Koley , Arkaprava Sain , Soumyadeep das , Shuvam Saha , Soumyajit Dey

The development of intrusion detection systems (IDS) for the in-vehicle Controller Area Network (CAN) bus is one of the main efforts being taken to secure the in-vehicle network against various cyberattacks, which have the potential to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Shaila Sharmin , Hafizah Mansor , Andi Fitriah Abdul Kadir , Normaziah A. Aziz

The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus serves as a standard protocol for facilitating communication among various electronic control units (ECUs) within contemporary vehicles. However, it has been demonstrated that the CAN bus is susceptible…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Maloy Kumar Devnath

The Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol, essential for automotive embedded systems, lacks inherent security features, making it vulnerable to cyber threats, especially with the rise of autonomous vehicles. Traditional security measures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Franco Oberti , Stefano Di Carlo , Alessandro Savino

In the last several decades, the automotive industry has come to incorporate the latest Information and Communications (ICT) technology, increasingly replacing mechanical components of vehicles with electronic components. These electronic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-07-05 Wonsuk Choi , Hyo Jin Jo , Samuel Woo , Ji Young Chun , Jooyoung Park , Dong Hoon Lee

Multiple attacks have shown that in-vehicle networks have vulnerabilities which can be exploited. Securing the Controller Area Network (CAN) for modern vehicles has become a necessary task for car manufacturers. Some attacks inject…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Irina Chiscop , András Gazdag , Joost Bosman , Gergely Biczók

In-vehicle communications are not designed for message exchange between the vehicles and outside systems originally. Thus, the security design of message protection is insufficient. Moreover, the internal devices do not have enough…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Donghyun Yu , Ruei-Hau Hsu , Jemin Lee

Modern vehicles are complex cyber-physical systems made of hundreds of electronic control units (ECUs) that communicate over controller area networks (CANs). This inherited complexity has expanded the CAN attack surface which is vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Deborah H. Blevins , Pablo Moriano , Robert A. Bridges , Miki E. Verma , Michael D. Iannacone , Samuel C Hollifield

The growing integration of vehicles with external networks has led to a surge in attacks targeting their Controller Area Network (CAN) internal bus. As a countermeasure, various Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) have been suggested in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Francesco Marchiori , Mauro Conti

A Controller Area Network (CAN) bus in the vehicles is an efficient standard bus enabling communication between all Electronic Control Units (ECU). However, CAN bus is not enough to protect itself because of lack of security features. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Eunbi Seo , Hyun Min Song , Huy Kang Kim

High-end vehicles have been furnished with a number of electronic control units (ECUs), which provide upgrading functions to enhance the driving experience. The controller area network (CAN) is a well-known protocol that connects these ECUs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Thien-Nu Hoang , Daehee Kim

Recent research has highlighted the vulnerability of in-vehicle network protocols such as controller area networks (CAN) and proposed machine learning-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) as an effective mitigation technique. However,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Shashwat Khandelwal , Shreejith Shanker