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Related papers: Why So Toxic? Measuring and Triggering Toxic Behav…

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Conversational systems or chatbots are an example of AI-Infused Applications (AIIA). Chatbots are especially important as they are often the first interaction of clients with a business and are the entry point of a business into the AI…

In the rapidly evolving domain of artificial intelligence, chatbots have emerged as a potent tool for various applications ranging from e-commerce to healthcare. This research delves into the intricacies of chatbot technology, from its…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Feriel Khennouche , Youssef Elmir , Nabil Djebari , Yassine Himeur , Abbes Amira

Interactive chat systems that build on artificial intelligence frameworks are increasingly ubiquitous and embedded into search engines, Web browsers, and operating systems, or are available on websites and apps. Researcher efforts have…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Katherine M. FitzGerald , Michelle Riedlinger , Axel Bruns , Stephen Harrington , Timothy Graham , Daniel Angus

ChatGPT3 is a chat engine that fulfils the promises of an AI-based chat engine: users can ask a question (prompt) and it answers in a reasonable manner. The coding-related skills of ChatGPT are especially impressive: informal testing shows…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Julia Kotovich , Manuel Oriol

Many people suffer from mental health problems but not everyone seeks professional help or has access to mental health care. AI chatbots have increasingly become a go-to for individuals who either have mental disorders or simply want…

Other Quantitative Biology · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-03 Aditya Naik , Jovi Thomas , Teja Sree Mandava , Himavanth Reddy Vemula

The proliferation of online hate speech has necessitated the creation of algorithms which can detect toxicity. Most of the past research focuses on this detection as a classification task, but assigning an absolute toxicity label is often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Millon Madhur Das , Punyajoy Saha , Mithun Das

Chatbots can be a good way to interact with IoT devices, and other information systems: they can provide information with a convenient interface for casual or frequent interaction. Sometimes there can be good reasons to have more than one…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Fernando Tricas-García

More than half the global population now carries devices that can run ChatGPT-like language models with no Internet connection and minimal safety oversight -- and hence the potential to promote self-harm, financial losses and extremism…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Neil F. Johnson , Frank Y. Huo

Online toxic content has grown into a pervasive phenomenon, intensifying during times of crisis, elections, and social unrest. A significant amount of research has been focused on detecting or analyzing toxic content using machine-learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Tim A. Majchrzak

As Conversational Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes more integrated into everyday life, AI-powered chatbot mobile applications are increasingly adopted across industries, particularly in the healthcare domain. These chatbots offer…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Ramazan Yener , Guan-Hung Chen , Ece Gumusel , Masooda Bashir

People increasingly turn to conversational agents such as ChatGPT to seek guidance for their personal problems. As these systems grow in capability, many now display elements of "thinking": short reflective statements that reveal a model's…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Samuel Rhys Cox , Jade Martin-Lise , Simo Hosio , Niels van Berkel

Although there have been automated approaches and tools supporting toxicity censorship for social posts, most of them focus on detection. Toxicity censorship is a complex process, wherein detection is just an initial task and a user can…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yaqiong Li , Peng Zhang , Hansu Gu , Tun Lu , Siyuan Qiao , Yubo Shu , Yiyang Shao , Ning Gu

The popularity of social media platforms such as Twitter has led to the proliferation of automated bots, creating both opportunities and challenges in information dissemination, user engagements, and quality of services. Past works on…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-05-14 Richard Jayadi Oentaryo , Arinto Murdopo , Philips Kokoh Prasetyo , Ee-Peng Lim

Hate speech is a severe issue that affects many online platforms. So far, several studies have been performed to develop robust hate speech detection systems. Large language models like ChatGPT have recently shown a great promise in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Mithun Das , Saurabh Kumar Pandey , Animesh Mukherjee

Socialbots are intelligent software controlling all the behavior of fake accounts in an online social network. They use artificial intelligence techniques to pass themselves off as human social media users. Socialbots exploit user trust to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Samaneh Hosseini Moghaddam , Mandana Khademi , Maghsoud Abbaspour

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being integrated into applications such as chatbots or email assistants. To prevent improper responses, safety mechanisms, such as Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF), are implemented in them.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Matteo Gioele Collu , Tom Janssen-Groesbeek , Stefanos Koffas , Mauro Conti , Stjepan Picek

The utilisation of AI-driven tools, notably ChatGPT, within academic research is increasingly debated from several perspectives including ease of implementation, and potential enhancements in research efficiency, as against ethical concerns…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Aleksei Turobov , Diane Coyle , Verity Harding

The abstract outlines the problem of toxic comments on social media platforms, where individuals use disrespectful, abusive, and unreasonable language that can drive users away from discussions. This behavior is referred to as anti-social…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-17 K. Poojitha , A. Sai Charish , M. Arun Kuamr Reddy , S. Ayyasamy

The conversational nature of chatbots poses challenges to designers since their development is different from other software and requires investigating new practices in the context of human-AI interaction and their impact on user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Geovana Ramos Sousa Silva , Edna Dias Canedo

In health-related topics, user toxicity in online discussions frequently becomes a source of social conflict or promotion of dangerous, unscientific behaviour; common approaches for battling it include different forms of detection, flagging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jorge Paz-Ruza , Amparo Alonso-Betanzos , Bertha Guijarro-Berdiñas , Carlos Eiras-Franco