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Related papers: Why So Toxic? Measuring and Triggering Toxic Behav…

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This study examines whether leading AI chatbot companies implement the responsible AI principles they publicly advocate. The authors used a mixed-methods approach analyzing four major chatbots (ChatGPT, Gemini, DeepSeek, and Grok) across…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Susan Ariel Aaronson , Michael Moreno

Online toxic attacks, such as harassment, trolling, and hate speech have been linked to an increase in offline violence and negative psychological effects on victims. In this paper, we studied the impact of toxicity on users' online…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Ana Aleksandric , Sayak Saha Roy , Shirin Nilizadeh

Emerging reports of the harms caused to children and adults by AI sycophancy and by parasocial ties with chatbots point to an urgent need for safeguards against such risks. Yet, preventing such dynamics is challenging: parasocial cues often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Emma Rath , Stuart Armstrong , Rebecca Gorman

The ethical implications and potentials for misuse of Generative Artificial Intelligence are increasingly worrying topics. This paper explores how easily the default ethical guardrails of ChatGPT, using its latest customization features,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Alessio Buscemi , Daniele Proverbio

Conversational agents (CAs) (e.g., chatbots) are increasingly used in settings where users disclose sensitive information, raising significant privacy concerns. Because privacy judgments are highly contextual, supporting users to engage in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Mohammad Hadi Nezhad , Francisco Enrique Vicente Castro , Ivon Arroyo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in autonomous agents that engage, converse, and co-evolve in online social platforms. While prior work has documented the generation of toxic content by LLMs, far less is known about…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Erica Coppolillo , Luca Luceri , Emilio Ferrara

The Turing test aimed to recognize the behavior of a human from that of a computer algorithm. Such challenge is more relevant than ever in today's social media context, where limited attention and technology constrain the expressive power…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-03-07 Emilio Ferrara , Onur Varol , Clayton Davis , Filippo Menczer , Alessandro Flammini

Sycophancy, the tendency of LLM-based chatbots to express excessive agreement with their users, even when inappropriate, is emerging as a significant risk in human-AI interactions. However, the extent to which this affects human-LLM…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Jessica Y. Bo , Majeed Kazemitabaar , Mengqing Deng , Michael Inzlicht , Ashton Anderson

Using chatbots to deliver recommendations is increasingly popular. The design of recommendation chatbots has primarily been taking an information-centric approach by focusing on the recommended content per se. Limited attention is on how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Kai-Hui Liang , Weiyan Shi , Yoojung Oh , Hao-Chuan Wang , Jingwen Zhang , Zhou Yu

Artificial intelligence chatbots have achieved unprecedented adoption, with millions now using these systems for emotional support and companionship in contexts of widespread social isolation and capacity-constrained mental health services.…

Chatbots are popular for both task-oriented conversations and unstructured conversations with web users. Several different approaches to creating comedy and art exist across the field of computational creativity. Despite the popularity and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Allison Perrone , Justin Edwards

A chatbot's personality design is key to interaction quality. As chatbots evolved from rule-based systems to those powered by large language models (LLMs), evaluating the effectiveness of their personality design has become increasingly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Huiqi Zou , Pengda Wang , Zihan Yan , Tianjun Sun , Ziang Xiao

SMS phishing, also known as "smishing", is a growing threat that tricks users into disclosing private information or clicking into URLs with malicious content through fraudulent mobile text messages. In recent past, we have also observed a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Ashfak Md Shibli , Mir Mehedi A. Pritom , Maanak Gupta

This report presents a real-world case study demonstrating how prompt injection can attack large language model platforms such as ChatGPT according to a proposed injection framework. By providing three real-world examples, we show how…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Xiangyu Chang , Guang Dai , Hao Di , Haishan Ye

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate an evaluation framework to ensure the safety and reliability of mental health chatbots, which are increasingly popular due to their accessibility, human-like interactions, and context-aware…

For more than a decade now, academicians and online platform administrators have been studying solutions to the problem of bot detection. Bots are computer algorithms whose use is far from being benign: malicious bots are purposely created…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Rocco De Nicola , Marinella Petrocchi , Manuel Pratelli

Safety classifiers are critical in mitigating toxicity on online forums such as social media and in chatbots. Still, they continue to be vulnerable to emergent, and often innumerable, adversarial attacks. Traditional automated adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Yash Kumar Lal , Preethi Lahoti , Aradhana Sinha , Yao Qin , Ananth Balashankar

With the rise of individual and collaborative networks of autonomous agents, AI is deployed in more key reasoning and decision-making roles. For this reason, ethics-based audits play a pivotal role in the rapidly growing fields of AI safety…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Jon Chun , Katherine Elkins

Apart from the coherence and fluency of responses, an empathetic chatbot emphasizes more on people's feelings. By considering altruistic behaviors between human interaction, empathetic chatbots enable people to get a better interactive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Jiun-Hao Jhan , Chao-Peng Liu , Shyh-Kang Jeng , Hung-Yi Lee

The rise of increasingly more powerful chatbots offers a new way to collect information through conversational surveys, where a chatbot asks open-ended questions, interprets a user's free-text responses, and probes answers whenever needed.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Ziang Xiao , Michelle X. Zhou , Q. Vera Liao , Gloria Mark , Changyan Chi , Wenxi Chen , Huahai Yang