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Rogue Base Station (RBS) attacks, particularly those exploiting downgrade vulnerabilities, remain a persistent threat as 5G Standalone (SA) deployments are still limited and User Equipment (UE) manufacturers continue to support legacy…

Nowadays, vehicles have complex in-vehicle networks (IVNs) with millions of lines of code controlling almost every function in the vehicle including safety-critical functions. It has recently been shown that IVNs are becoming increasingly…

The widespread adoption of encrypted communication protocols such as HTTPS and TLS has enhanced data privacy but also rendered traditional anomaly detection techniques less effective, as they often rely on inspecting unencrypted payloads.…

Anomaly detection through video analysis is of great importance to detect any anomalous vehicle/human behavior at a traffic intersection. While most existing works use neural networks and conventional machine learning methods based on…

In the evolving landscape of autonomous vehicles, ensuring robust in-vehicle network (IVN) security is paramount. This paper introduces an advanced intrusion detection system (IDS) called KD-XVAE that uses a Variational Autoencoder…

DoS and DDoS attacks have been growing in size and number over the last decade and existing solutions to mitigate these attacks are in general inefficient. Compared to other types of malicious cyber attacks, DoS and DDoS attacks are…

Anomaly detection (AD) is the identification of data samples that do not fit a learned data distribution. As such, AD systems can help physicians to determine the presence, severity, and extension of a pathology. Deep generative models,…

Semi-supervised and unsupervised Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN)-based methods have been gaining popularity in anomaly detection task recently. However, GAN training is somewhat challenging and unstable. Inspired from previous work in…

Machine-learning-based anomaly detection (ML-based AD) has been successful at detecting DDoS events in the lab. However published evaluations of ML-based AD have used only limited data and provided minimal insight into why it works. To…

Anomaly detection is a challenging task for machine learning algorithms due to the inherent class imbalance. It is costly and time-demanding to manually analyse the observed data, thus usually only few known anomalies if any are available.…

Intrusion detection is a traditional practice of security experts, however, there are several issues which still need to be tackled. Therefore, in this paper, after highlighting these issues, we present an architecture for a hybrid…

Modern automotive functions are controlled by a large number of small computers called electronic control units (ECUs). These functions span from safety-critical autonomous driving to comfort and infotainment. ECUs communicate with one…

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an enabling technology in modern transportation systems for providing safety and valuable information, and yet vulnerable to a number of attacks from passive eavesdropping to active interfering. Intrusion…

Using Infrastructure-to-Vehicle (I2V) information can be of great benefit when driving autonomously in high-density traffic situations with limited visibility, since the sensing capabilities of the vehicle are enhanced by external sensors.…

Modern in-vehicle networks face various cyber threats due to the lack of encryption and authentication in the Controller Area Network (CAN). To address this security issue, this paper presents GUARD-CAN, an anomaly detection framework that…

The external visual inspections of rolling stock's underfloor equipment are currently being performed via human visual inspection. In this study, we attempt to partly automate visual inspection by investigating anomaly inspection algorithms…

Explainable machine learning has become increasingly prevalent, especially in healthcare where explainable models are vital for ethical and trusted automated decision making. Work on the susceptibility of deep learning models to adversarial…

In this paper, we propose a generative adversarial network (GAN)-based hyperspectral anomaly detection algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, we train a GAN model to generate a synthetic background image which is close to the original…

The Controller Area Network (CAN) bus serves as a standard protocol for facilitating communication among various electronic control units (ECUs) within contemporary vehicles. However, it has been demonstrated that the CAN bus is susceptible…

Automatic detection of anomalies such as weapons or threat objects in baggage security, or detecting impaired items in industrial production is an important computer vision task demanding high efficiency and accuracy. Most of the available…