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Generating tests for games is challenging due to the high degree of randomisation inherent to games and hard-to-reach program states that require sophisticated gameplay. The test generator NEATEST tackles these challenges by combining…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Patric Feldmeier , Katrin Schmelz , Gordon Fraser

As games challenge traditional automated white-box test generators, the Neatest approach generates test suites consisting of neural networks that exercise the source code by playing the games. Neatest generates these neural networks using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Patric Feldmeier , Gordon Fraser

Automated test generation for game-like programs presents unique challenges due to their non-deterministic behavior and complex control structures. The NEATEST framework has been used for automated testing in Scratch games, employing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Khizra Sohail , Atif Aftab Ahmed Jilani , Nigar Azhar Butt

Although automated test generation is common in many programming domains, games still challenge test generators due to their heavy randomisation and hard-to-reach program states. Neuroevolution combined with search-based software testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Patric Feldmeier , Gordon Fraser

This paper surveys research on applying neuroevolution (NE) to games. In neuroevolution, artificial neural networks are trained through evolutionary algorithms, taking inspiration from the way biological brains evolved. We analyse the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-11-05 Sebastian Risi , Julian Togelius

Games are usually created incrementally, requiring repeated testing of the same scenarios, which is a tedious and error-prone task for game developers. Therefore, we aim to alleviate this game testing process by encapsulating it into a game…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Patric Feldmeier , Philipp Straubinger , Gordon Fraser

NeuroEvolution is one of the most competitive evolutionary learning frameworks for designing novel neural networks for use in specific tasks, such as logic circuit design and digital gaming. However, the application of benchmark methods…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Haoling Zhang , Chao-Han Huck Yang , Hector Zenil , Narsis A. Kiani , Yue Shen , Jesper N. Tegner

Test oracle generation in non-regression testing is a longstanding challenge in software engineering, where the goal is to produce oracles that can accurately determine whether a function under test (FUT) behaves as intended for a given…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Dong Huang , Mingzhe Du , Jie M. Zhang , Zheng Lin , Meng Luo , Qianru Zhang , See-Kiong Ng

One of the common artificial intelligence applications in electronic games consists of making an artificial agent learn how to execute some determined task successfully in a game environment. One way to perform this task is through machine…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Karine da Silva Miras de Araújo , Fabrício Olivetti de França

Multiagent systems provide an ideal environment for the evaluation and analysis of real-world problems using reinforcement learning algorithms. Most traditional approaches to multiagent learning are affected by long training periods as well…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Unnikrishnan Rajendran Menon , Anirudh Rajiv Menon

A large challenge in Artificial Intelligence (AI) is training control agents that can properly adapt to variable environments. Environments in which the conditions change can cause issues for agents trying to operate in them. Building…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Destiny Bailey

For over a decade now, robotics and the use of artificial agents have become a common thing.Testing the performance of new path finding or search space optimization algorithms has also become a challenge as they require simulation or an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Jerin Paul Selvan , Pravin S. Game

Neuroevolution is a process of training neural networks (NN) through an evolutionary algorithm, usually to serve as a state-to-action mapping model in control or reinforcement learning-type problems. This paper builds on the Neuro Evolution…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Amir Behjat , Sharat Chidambaran , Souma Chowdhury

Software testing research has traditionally relied on closed-world assumptions, such as finite state spaces, reproducible executions, and stable test oracles. However, many modern software systems operate under uncertainty, non-determinism,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Yusaku Kato , Norihiro Yoshida , Erina Makihara , Katsuro Inoue

Majority of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) implementations in autonomous systems use a fixed/user-prescribed network topology, leading to sub-optimal performance and low portability. The existing neuro-evolution of augmenting topology or…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Sharat Chidambaran , Amir Behjat , Souma Chowdhury

Effective unit tests can help guard and improve software quality but require a substantial amount of time and effort to write and maintain. A unit test consists of a test prefix and a test oracle. Synthesizing test oracles, especially…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Zhongxin Liu , Kui Liu , Xin Xia , Xiaohu Yang

In this paper, we describe application of Neuroevolution to a P2P lending problem in which a credit evaluation model is updated based on streaming data. We apply the algorithm Neuroevolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) which has not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Yue Liu , Adam Ghandar , Georgios Theodoropoulos

The NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) algorithm has received considerable recognition in the field of neuroevolution. Its effectiveness is derived from initiating with simple networks and incrementally evolving both their…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Lishuang Wang , Mengfei Zhao , Enyu Liu , Kebin Sun , Ran Cheng

Block-based programming languages enable young learners to quickly implement fun programs and games. The Scratch programming environment is particularly successful at this, with more than 50 million registered users at the time of this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Adina Deiner , Christoph Frädrich , Gordon Fraser , Sophia Geserer , Niklas Zantner

ReTest is a novel testing tool for Java applications with a graphical user interface (GUI), combining monkey testing and difference testing. Since this combination sidesteps the oracle problem, it enables the generation of GUI-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Daniel Kraus
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