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Fluctuations associated with relaxations in far-from-equilibrium regime is of fundamental interest for a large variety of systems within broad scales. Recent advances in techniques such as spectroscopy have generated the possibility for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Zhedong Zhang , Xuanhua Wang , Jin Wang

In this paper, we derive a generalized second fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) for stochastic dynamical systems in the steady state. The established theory is built upon the Mori-type generalized Langevin equation for stochastic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-06-15 Yuanran Zhu , Huan Lei , Changho Kim

Fluctuation theorems make use of time reversal to make predictions about entropy production in many-body systems far from thermal equilibrium. Here we review the wide variety of distinct, but interconnected, relations that have been derived…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-08-02 R. J. Harris , G. M. Schütz

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations quantify how the signal-to-noise ratio of a given observable is constrained by dissipation. Fluctuation relations generalize the second law of thermodynamics to stochastic processes. We show that any…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-11-26 Patrick P. Potts , Peter Samuelsson

Entropy production and the detailed fluctuation theorem are of fundamental importance for thermodynamic processes. In this paper, we study the multiple entropy production for multitime quantum processes in a unified framework. For closed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Zhiqiang Huang

Fluctuation theorems establish that thermodynamic processes at the microscale can occasionally result in negative entropy production. At the microscale, another distinct possibility becomes more likely: processes in which no entropy is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-11 Abhaya S. Hegde , André M. Timpanaro , Gabriel T. Landi

Strong violations of existing fluctuation theorems may arise in nonequilibrium steady states characterized by distributions with power-law tails. The ratio of the probabilities of positive and negative fluctuations of equal magnitude…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-07-11 Adrian A. Budini

We derive a general quantum exchange fluctuation theorem for multipartite systems with arbitrary coupling strengths by taking into account the informational contribution of the back-action of the quantum measurements, which contributes to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Akira Sone , Diogo O. Soares-Pinto , Sebastian Deffner

Fluctuations arising in nonlinear dissipative systems (diode, transistors, chemical reaction, etc.) subject to an external drive (voltage, chemical potential, etc.) are well known to elude any simple characterization such as the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-07-10 Jean-Charles Delvenne , Léopold Van Brandt

Understanding the physics of nonequilibrium systems remains as one of the major challenges of theoretical physics. This problem can be cracked in part by investigating the macroscopic fluctuations of the currents characterizing…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-03-18 Pablo I. Hurtado , Carlos P. Espigares , Jesus J. del Pozo , Pedro L. Garrido

Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) represent one of the few broad-based and fundamental relations in our toolbox for tackling the thermodynamics of nonequilibrium systems. One form of TUR quantifies the minimal energetic cost of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-07-26 Daniel Reiche , Jen-Tsung Hsiang , Bei-Lok Hu

A cost-precision trade-off relationship, the so-called thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR), has been recently discovered in stochastic thermodynamics. It bounds certain thermodynamic observables in terms of the associated entropy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-05-27 Soham Pal , Sushant Saryal , Dvira Segal , T. S. Mahesh , Bijay Kumar Agarwalla

The fluctuation-dissipation relation (FDR) links thermal fluctuations and dissipation at thermal equilibrium through temperature. Extending it beyond equilibrium conditions in pursuit of broadening thermodynamics is often feasible, albeit…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-02-04 Dima Boriskovsky , Benjamin Lindner , Yael Roichman

Autonomous engines operating at the nano-scale can be prone to deleterious fluctuations in the heat and particle currents which increase, for fixed power output, the more reversible the operation regime is. This fundamental trade-off…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-10-23 Giacomo Guarnieri , Gabriel T. Landi , Stephen R. Clark , John Goold

A Fluctuation Theorem (FT), both Classical and Quantum, describes the large-deviations in the approach to equilibrium of an isolated quasi-integrable system. Two characteristics make it unusual: (i) it concerns the internal dynamics of an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-11-14 Tomer Goldfriend , Jorge Kurchan

Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations express a trade-off between precision, defined as the noise-to-signal ratio of a generic current, and the amount of associated entropy production. These results have deep consequences for autonomous heat…

Asymptotic fluctuation theorems are statements of a Gallavotti-Cohen symmetry in the rate function of either the time-averaged entropy production or heat dissipation of a process. Such theorems have been proved for various general classes…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2010-01-23 Benjamin Hertz Shargel , Tom Chou

The heat theorem (i.e. the second law of thermodynamics or the existence of entropy) is a manifestation of a general property of hamiltonian mechanics and of the ergodic Hypothesis. In nonequilibrium thermodynamics of stationary states the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-11-01 Giovanni Gallavotti

We derive a thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) for systems with unidirectional transitions. The uncertainty relation involves a mixture of thermodynamic and dynamic terms. Namely, the entropy production from bidirectional transitions,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-30 Arnab Pal , Shlomi Reuveni , Saar Rahav

Odd diffusion breaks time-reversal symmetry in overdamped systems through transverse probability currents while preserving equilibrium steady states. In this work, we develop a dynamical density functional theory (DDFT) for dense…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-02-02 Iman Abdoli , René Wittmann , Hartmut Löwen
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