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Gradient Descent Ascent (GDA) methods are the mainstream algorithms for minimax optimization in generative adversarial networks (GANs). Convergence properties of GDA have drawn significant interest in the recent literature. Specifically,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-05 Haochuan Li , Farzan Farnia , Subhro Das , Ali Jadbabaie

We introduce a new algorithm for the numerical computation of Nash equilibria of competitive two-player games. Our method is a natural generalization of gradient descent to the two-player setting where the update is given by the Nash…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-02 Florian Schäfer , Anima Anandkumar

Motivated by applications in Optimization, Game Theory, and the training of Generative Adversarial Networks, the convergence properties of first order methods in min-max problems have received extensive study. It has been recognized that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-29 Constantinos Daskalakis , Ioannis Panageas

Gradient Descent Ascent (GDA) methods for min-max optimization problems typically produce oscillatory behavior that can lead to instability, e.g., in bilinear settings. To address this problem, we introduce a dissipation term into the GDA…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-15 Tianqi Zheng , Nicolas Loizou , Pengcheng You , Enrique Mallada

Recent applications in machine learning have renewed the interest of the community in min-max optimization problems. While gradient-based optimization methods are widely used to solve such problems, there are however many scenarios where…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-04-15 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Aurelien Lucchi , Youssef Diouane

Two of the most prominent algorithms for solving unconstrained smooth games are the classical stochastic gradient descent-ascent (SGDA) and the recently introduced stochastic consensus optimization (SCO) [Mescheder et al., 2017]. SGDA is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Nicolas Loizou , Hugo Berard , Gauthier Gidel , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Simon Lacoste-Julien

We study a variant of a recently introduced min-max optimization framework where the max-player is constrained to update its parameters in a greedy manner until it reaches a first-order stationary point. Our equilibrium definition for this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Vijay Keswani , Oren Mangoubi , Sushant Sachdeva , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

We consider nonconvex-concave minimax problems, $\min_{\mathbf{x}} \max_{\mathbf{y} \in \mathcal{Y}} f(\mathbf{x}, \mathbf{y})$, where $f$ is nonconvex in $\mathbf{x}$ but concave in $\mathbf{y}$ and $\mathcal{Y}$ is a convex and bounded…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Tianyi Lin , Chi Jin , Michael I. Jordan

Stackelberg games originate where there are market leaders and followers, and the actions of leaders influence the behavior of the followers. Mathematical modelling of such games results in what's called a Bilevel Optimization problem.…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Pravesh Koirala , Forrest Laine

We study infinite-horizon discounted two-player zero-sum Markov games, and develop a decentralized algorithm that provably converges to the set of Nash equilibria under self-play. Our algorithm is based on running an Optimistic Gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Chen-Yu Wei , Chung-Wei Lee , Mengxiao Zhang , Haipeng Luo

Recent applications that arise in machine learning have surged significant interest in solving min-max saddle point games. This problem has been extensively studied in the convex-concave regime for which a global equilibrium solution can be…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-11-01 Maher Nouiehed , Maziar Sanjabi , Tianjian Huang , Jason D. Lee , Meisam Razaviyayn

We study Stackelberg equilibria in finitely repeated games, where the leader commits to a strategy that picks actions in each round and can be adaptive to the history of play (i.e. they commit to an algorithm). In particular, we study…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Natalie Collina , Eshwar Ram Arunachaleswaran , Michael Kearns

Min-max saddle point games have recently been intensely studied, due to their wide range of applications, including training Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). However, most of the recent efforts for solving them are limited to special…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Babak Barazandeh , Tianjian Huang , George Michailidis

Computing Nash equilibrium (NE) of multi-player games has witnessed renewed interest due to recent advances in generative adversarial networks. However, computing equilibrium efficiently is challenging. To this end, we introduce the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Arvind U. Raghunathan , Anoop Cherian , Devesh K. Jha

Existing methods for learning Stackelberg equilibria typically assume that the followers' (variational, generalized) Nash equilibrium is unique. However, in the presence of multiple equilibria, without a selection convention, the problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Silvia Cianchi , Anibal Sanjab , Sergio Grammatico

Decoding how rational agents should behave in shared systems remains a critical challenge within theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence and economics studies. Central to this challenge is the task of computing the solution…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Dongge Wang , Xiang Yan , Zehao Dou , Wenhan Huang , Yaodong Yang , Xiaotie Deng

The $1-N$ generalized Stackelberg game (single-leader multi-follower game) is intricately intertwined with the interaction between a leader and followers (hierarchical interaction) and the interaction among followers (simultaneous…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Jaeyeon Jo , Jihwan Yu , Jinkyoo Park

Many emerging applications - such as adversarial training, AI alignment, and robust optimization - can be framed as zero-sum games between neural nets, with von Neumann-Nash equilibria (NE) capturing the desirable system behavior. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Deep Patel , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis

Solving feedback Stackelberg games with nonlinear dynamics and coupled constraints, a common scenario in practice, presents significant challenges. This work introduces an efficient method for computing approximate local feedback…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-03 Jingqi Li , Somayeh Sojoudi , Claire Tomlin , David Fridovich-Keil

Nash equilibrium is a central concept in game theory. Several Nash solvers exist, yet none scale to normal-form games with many actions and many players, especially those with payoff tensors too big to be stored in memory. In this work, we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Ian Gemp , Rahul Savani , Marc Lanctot , Yoram Bachrach , Thomas Anthony , Richard Everett , Andrea Tacchetti , Tom Eccles , János Kramár