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Min-max optimization problems (i.e., min-max games) have been attracting a great deal of attention because of their applicability to a wide range of machine learning problems. Although significant progress has been made recently, the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Denizalp Goktas , Amy Greenwald

Many recent AI architectures are inspired by zero-sum games, however, the behavior of their dynamics is still not well understood. Inspired by this, we study standard gradient descent ascent (GDA) dynamics in a specific class of non-convex…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-14 Lampros Flokas , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis , Georgios Piliouras

The behavior of no-regret learning algorithms is well understood in two-player min-max (i.e, zero-sum) games. In this paper, we investigate the behavior of no-regret learning in min-max games with dependent strategy sets, where the strategy…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Denizalp Goktas , Jiayi Zhao , Amy Greenwald

Min-max saddle point games appear in a wide range of applications in machine leaning and signal processing. Despite their wide applicability, theoretical studies are mostly limited to the special convex-concave structure. While some recent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-19 Babak Barazandeh , Meisam Razaviyayn

The two-timescale gradient descent-ascent (GDA) is a canonical gradient algorithm designed to find Nash equilibria in min-max games. We analyze the two-timescale GDA by investigating the effects of learning rate ratios on convergence…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Jing An , Jianfeng Lu

We study the problem of finding the Nash equilibrium in a two-player zero-sum Markov game. Due to its formulation as a minimax optimization program, a natural approach to solve the problem is to perform gradient descent/ascent with respect…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-13 Sihan Zeng , Thinh T. Doan , Justin Romberg

This paper investigates the convergence of learning dynamics in Stackelberg games. In the class of games we consider, there is a hierarchical game being played between a leader and a follower with continuous action spaces. We establish a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-07 Tanner Fiez , Benjamin Chasnov , Lillian J. Ratliff

A growing body of work in game theory extends the traditional Stackelberg game to settings with one leader and multiple followers who play a Nash equilibrium. Standard approaches for computing equilibria in these games reformulate the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Kai Wang , Lily Xu , Andrew Perrault , Michael K. Reiter , Milind Tambe

Min-max optimization is emerging as a key framework for analyzing problems of robustness to strategically and adversarially generated data. We propose a random reshuffling-based gradient free Optimistic Gradient Descent-Ascent algorithm for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-22 Chinmay Maheshwari , Chih-Yuan Chiu , Eric Mazumdar , S. Shankar Sastry , Lillian J. Ratliff

We study min-max algorithms to solve zero-sum differential games on Riemannian manifold. Based on the notions of differential Stackelberg equilibrium and differential Nash equilibrium on Riemannian manifold, we analyze the local convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Sixin Zhang

We focus on the design of algorithms for finding equilibria in 2-player zero-sum games. Although it is well known that such problems can be solved by a single linear program, there has been a surge of interest in recent years for simpler…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Michail Fasoulakis , Evangelos Markakis , Giorgos Roussakis , Christodoulos Santorinaios

Hierarchical decision making problems, such as bilevel programs and Stackelberg games, are attracting increasing interest in both the engineering and machine learning communities. Yet, existing solution methods lack either convergence…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-29 Panagiotis D. Grontas , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Carlo Cenedese , Marta Fochesato , John Lygeros , Florian Dörfler

We study the convergence of Optimistic Gradient Descent Ascent in unconstrained bilinear games. In a first part, we consider the zero-sum case and extend previous results by Daskalakis et al. in 2018, Liang and Stokes in 2019, and others:…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-24 Étienne de Montbrun , Jérôme Renault

In this work, we establish near-linear and strong convergence for a natural first-order iterative algorithm that simulates Von Neumann's Alternating Projections method in zero-sum games. First, we provide a precise analysis of Optimistic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-18 Ioannis Anagnostides , Paolo Penna

Smooth minimax games often proceed by simultaneous or alternating gradient updates. Although algorithms with alternating updates are commonly used in practice, the majority of existing theoretical analyses focus on simultaneous algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Guodong Zhang , Yuanhao Wang , Laurent Lessard , Roger Grosse

Zero-sum stochastic games are easy to solve as they can be cast as simple Markov decision processes. This is however not the case with general-sum stochastic games. A fairly general optimization problem formulation is available for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-02 H. L. Prasad , Shalabh Bhatnagar

Nonconvex-concave min-max problem arises in many machine learning applications including minimizing a pointwise maximum of a set of nonconvex functions and robust adversarial training of neural networks. A popular approach to solve this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-21 Jiawei Zhang , Peijun Xiao , Ruoyu Sun , Zhi-Quan Luo

We study the alternating gradient descent-ascent (AltGDA) algorithm in two-player zero-sum games. Alternating methods, where players take turns to update their strategies, have long been recognized as simple and practical approaches for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tianlong Nan , Shuvomoy Das Gupta , Garud Iyengar , Christian Kroer

In this work, we establish a frequency-domain framework for analyzing gradient-based algorithms in linear minimax optimization problems; specifically, our approach is based on the Z-transform, a powerful tool applied in Control Theory and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-10-08 Ioannis Anagnostides , Paolo Penna

Efficient computation of min-max problems is a central question in optimization, learning, games, and controls. Arguably the most natural algorithm is gradient-descent-ascent (GDA). However, since the 1970s, conventional wisdom has argued…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-05 Henry Shugart , Jason M. Altschuler
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