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A state space based design method is given to find strongly stabilizing controllers for multiple-input-multiple-output plants (MIMO). A sufficient condition is derived for the existence of suboptimal stable H-infinity controller in terms of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-13 Suat Gumussoy , Hitay Ozbay

In this work, we investigate grid-forming (GFM) control for dc/ac power converters in emerging power systems that contain ac and dc networks, renewable generation, and conventional generation. We propose a novel power-balancing GFM control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-07-20 Irina Subotić , Dominic Groß

The modern power system features high penetration of power converters due to the development of renewables, HVDC, etc. Currently, the controller design and parameter tuning of power converters heavily rely on rich engineering experience and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-12 Linbin Huang , Huanhai Xin , Florian Dörfler

Grid-forming (GFM) converters face significant challenges in limiting current during transient grid events while preserving their grid-forming behavior. This paper offers an elegant solution to the problem with a priori guarantees,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-14 Michael Schneeberger , Silvia Mastellone , Florian Dörfler

We analyze a dual-port grid-forming (GFM) control for power systems containing ac and dc transmission, converter-interfaced generation and energy storage, and legacy generation. To operate such a system and provide standard services,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Irina Subotić , and Dominic Groß

This paper studies control interactions between grid-forming (GFM) converters exhibited by power and frequency oscillations in a weakly connected offshore wind power plant (WPP). Two GFM controls are considered, namely virtual synchronous…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-15 Sulav Ghimire , Kanakesh V. Kkuni , Gabriel M. G. Guerreiro , Emerson D. Guest , Kim H. Jensen , Guangya Yang

A rapid deployment of renewable generation has led to significant reduction in the rotational system inertia and damping, thus making frequency control in power systems more challenging. This paper proposes a novel control scheme based on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-07 Ognjen Stanojev , Uros Markovic , Petros Aristidou , Gabriela Hug , Duncan Callaway , Evangelos Vrettos

Recent research has shown that operating grid-connected converters using the grid-forming vector current control (GFVCC) scheme offers significant benefits, including the simplicity and modularity of the control architecture, as well as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-06 Ognjen Stanojev , Orcun Karaca , Mario Schweizer

Grid-following and grid-forming inverters are integral components of microgrids and for integration of renewable energy sources with the grid. For grid following inverters, which need to emulate controllable current sources, a significant…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-07 Soham Chakraborty , Sourav Patel , Murti V Salapaka

HVDC-connected offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) are expected to provide inertial response and frequency containment reserve (FCR) to help address the frequency control challenges caused by the growing penetration of power electronics in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Zhenghua Xu , Dominic Gross , George Alin Raducu , Hesam Khazraj , Nicolaos A. Cutululis

This article proposes a "cross-forming" control concept for grid-forming inverters operating against grid faults. Cross-forming refers to voltage angle forming and current magnitude forming. It differs from classical grid-forming and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-20 Xiuqiang He , Maitraya Avadhut Desai , Linbin Huang , Florian Dörfler

A model predictive control (MPC) method for enhancing post-fault transient stability of a grid-forming (GFM) inverter based resources (IBRs) is developed in this paper. This proposed controller is activated as soon as the converter enters…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-09 Ali Arjomandi-Nezhad , Yifei Guo , Bikash C. Pal , Damiano Varagnolo

Grid-forming (GFM) converters are generally expected to exhibit low impedance near the fundamental frequency due to their voltage-source behavior. However, an impedance peak and a negative-resistance region are consistently observed in this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Chao Wu , Jinhao Wang , Yong Wang , Changjiang Zhan , Frede Blaabjerg

This paper investigates power swing characteristics of grid-forming voltage source converter (GFM-VSC) systems considering the current limitation mode in both non-inertial and inertial GFM-VSC systems. Following grid faults, non-inertial…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-17 Yongxin Xiong , Heng Wu , Yifei Li , Xiongfei Wang

In this paper, we propose a new hybrid analog and digital combining architecture for millimeter wave (mmWave) multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems. The proposed structure employs antenna subset selection per radio…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Eduard E. Bahingayi , Kyungchun Lee

Grid-forming voltage source converter (GF-VSC) has been identified as the key technology for the operation of future converter-dominated power systems. Among many other issues, transient stability of this type of power systems remains an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-09 Régulo E. Ávila-Martínez , Javier Renedo , Luis Rouco , Aurelio García-Cerrada , Lukas Sigrist , Taoufik Qoria , Xavier Guillaud

This paper investigates the transient stability of power systems co-dominated by different types of grid-forming (GFM) devices. Synchronous generators (SGs and VSGs) and droop-controlled inverters are typical GFM devices in modern power…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-13 Xiuqiang He , Hua Geng

Due to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, the installed capacity of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in power grids is rapidly increasing, and grid-following control (GFL) is the most prevalent at present. Meanwhile, grid-forming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-05 Yinhong Lin , Bin Wang , Qinglai Guo , Haotian Zhao , Hongbin Sun

At millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies, the higher cost and power consumption of hardware components in multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) systems do not allow beamforming entirely at the baseband with a separate radio frequency (RF)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-27 Aryan Kaushik , John Thompson , Evangelos Vlachos

In high-penetration renewable power systems with complex and highly variable operating scenarios, grid-connected inverters (GCIs) may transition between different control modes to adapt to diverse grid conditions. Among these, the switching…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-23 Qiping Lai , Yi Shen , Chen Shen