Related papers: Visualization of internal forces inside the proton…
We respond to a Comment on our paper [Physical Review A 80, 023823 (2009)], which appears to have stemmed from a misunderstanding of the various energy-momentum tensors of classical electrodynamics. It is shown that each stress tensor, when…
We determine the invariant expression of the force density that the electromagnetic field exerts on dipolar matter and construct the non-symmetric energy-momentum tensor of the electromagnetic field in matter which is consistent with that…
The `classical' model for a massive spinning particle, which was recently proposed, is derived from the isotropic rotator model. Through this derivation, we note that the spin can be understood as the relativistic extension of the isotropic…
The internal stability of the electron has been debated for a century at both the classical and the quantum level. Recently, a local force density balance was established for the 1s electron in the H atom, based on the energy-momentum…
The electromagnetic form factors of the $\rho$ meson are evaluated adopting a relativistic constituent quark model based on the light-front formalism, and using a meson wave function with the high-momentum tail generated by the…
The process of turning a proton into a neutron, positron and electron-neutrino in a strong plane-wave electromagnetic field is studied. This process is forbidden in vacuum and is seen to feature an exponential suppression factor which is…
The expressions of momentum and energy of a particle in special relativity are often derived in a quite unconvincing manner in elementary text, by resorting either to electrodynamic or quantum considerations, or via the introduction of the…
It is shown that the force in relativistic mechanics is not only the cause of acceleration of particle relative to an inertial frame of reference, but also the cause of change of the course of time along the particle's trajectory. Therein…
Contrary to field theoretical calculations in the thermodynamic limit where the volume is assumed to be infinitely large, the heavy-ion collisions always carry the effects of finite size. A sufficiently small system size is expected to…
According to Newton's law of gravitation the force between two particles depends upon their inertial, as well as their active and passive gravitational masses. For ordinary matter all three of these are equal and positive. We consider here…
This article describes the various experimental bounds on the variation of the fundamental constants of nature. After a discussion on the role of fundamental constants, of their definition and link with metrology, the various constraints on…
Finite-volume extrapolation is an important step for extracting physical observables from lattice calculations. However, it is a significant challenge for the system with long-range interactions. We employ symbolic regression to regress…
Using the methods of the 'form factor program' exact expressions of all matrix elements are obtained for several operators of the quantum sine-Gordon model alias the massive Thirring model. A general formula is presented which provides form…
The potential concept that is successful in classical electrodynamics should also be applicable to the nonlinear electromagnetic forces acting on matter. The obvious method of determining these potentials should be provided by Helmholtz's…
Hadron electromagnetic form factor in the time-like region at the boundary of the physical region is considered. The energy behavior of the form factor is shown to be determined by the strong hadron-antihadron interaction. Imaginary parts…
We consider various relativistic models for the valence Fock-state wave function of the pion. These models are obtained from simple instant-form wave functions by applying a Melosh rotation to the spin part and by imposing physical…
The precision of experimental data and analysis techniques is a key feature of any discovery attempt. A striking example is the proton radius puzzle where the accuracy of the spectroscopy of muonic atoms challenges traditional electron…
The energy and momentum for different cosmological models using various prescriptions are evaluated. In particular, we have focused our attention on the energy and momentum for gravitational waves and discuss the results. It is concluded…
We extend our relativistic theory of electroweak properties of composite systems to describe simultaneously the gravitational form factors of hadrons. The approach is based on a version of the instant-form relativistic quantum mechanics and…
A model is constructed for the confinement of test particles moving on a brane. Within the classical framework of this theory, confining a test particle to the brane eliminates the effects of extra dimensions, rendering them undetectable.…