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Estimating the causal effect of a treatment or health policy with observational data can be challenging due to an imbalance of and a lack of overlap between treated and control covariate distributions. In the presence of limited overlap,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-24 Martha Barnard , Jared D. Huling , Julian Wolfson

The attributable fraction among the exposed (\textbf{AF}$_e$), also known as the attributable risk or excess fraction among the exposed, is the proportion of disease cases among the exposed that could be avoided by eliminating the exposure.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-30 Kan Chen , Jing Cheng , M. Elizabeth Halloran , Dylan S. Small

This paper proposes a unified theoretical model to identify and test a comprehensive set of probabilistic updating biases within a single framework. The model achieves separate identification by focusing on the updating of belief…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-27 Pedro Gonzalez-Fernandez

Interactive systems that explain data, or support decision making often emphasize what is present while overlooking what is expected but missing. This presence bias limits users' ability to form complete mental models of a dataset or…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Hagit Ben Shoshan , Joel Lanir , Pavel Goldstein , Osnat Mokryn

We consider a population that experienced a first wave of infections, interrupted by strong, top-down, governmental restrictions and did not develop a significant immunity to prevent a second wave (i.e. resurgence). As restrictions are…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-07-21 Nicolò Gozzi , Martina Scudeler , Daniela Paolotti , Andrea Baronchelli , Nicola Perra

Biases with respect to socially-salient attributes of individuals have been well documented in evaluation processes used in settings such as admissions and hiring. We view such an evaluation process as a transformation of a distribution of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-27 L. Elisa Celis , Amit Kumar , Anay Mehrotra , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

We study the effect of heterogeneous temporal activations on epidemic spreading in temporal networks. We focus on the susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model on activity-driven networks with burstiness. By using an activity-based…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-05-28 Marco Mancastroppa , Alessandro Vezzani , Miguel A. Muñoz , Raffaella Burioni

State-of-the-art machine learning models require access to significant amount of annotated data in order to achieve the desired level of performance. While unlabelled data can be largely available and even abundant, annotation process can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Rahaf Aljundi , Nikolay Chumerin , Daniel Olmeda Reino

Intuitively, sampling is likely to be more efficient for prevalence estimation, if the cases (or positives) have a relatively higher representation in the sample than in the population. In case the virus is transmitted via personal…

Applications · Statistics 2020-11-18 Li-Chun Zhang

Active learning is a practical field of machine learning that automates the process of selecting which data to label. Current methods are effective in reducing the burden of data labeling but are heavily model-reliant. This has led to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Sai Prathyush Katragadda , Tyler Cody , Peter Beling , Laura Freeman

In this paper we introduce a compartmental epidemic model describing the transmission of the COVID-19 disease in presence of non-mandatory vaccination. The model takes into account the hesitancy and refusal of vaccination. To this aim, we…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2021-06-23 Bruno Buonomo , Rossella Della Marca , Alberto d'Onofrio , Maria Groppi

With medical tests becoming increasingly available, concerns about over-testing and over-treatment dramatically increase. Hence, it is important to understand the influence of testing on treatment selection in general practice. Most…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-11 Yun Li , Irina Bondarenko , Michael R. Elliott , Timothy P. Hofer , Jeremy M. G. Taylor

Missing exposure information is a very common feature of many observational studies. Here we study identifiability and efficient estimation of causal effects on vector outcomes, in such cases where treatment is unconfounded but partially…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-04 Edward H. Kennedy

We elicit incomplete preferences over monetary gambles with subjective uncertainty. Subjects rank gambles, and these rankings are used to estimate preferences; payments are based on estimated preferences. About 40\% of subjects express…

General Economics · Economics 2022-10-06 Kirby Nielsen , Luca Rigotti

Diffusion of information and viral content, social contagion and influence are still topics of broad evaluation. We have studied the information epidemic in a social networking platform in order compare different campaign setups. The goal…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-02-14 Andrzej Jarynowski , Jaroslaw Jankowski , Anita Zbieg

Estimands using the treatment policy strategy for addressing intercurrent events are common in Phase III clinical trials. One estimation approach for this strategy is retrieved dropout whereby observed data following an intercurrent event…

Negative affect is a proxy for mental health in adults. By being able to predict participants' negative affect states unobtrusively, researchers and clinicians will be better positioned to deliver targeted, just-in-time mental health…

The impact that information diffusion has on epidemic spreading has recently attracted much attention. As a disease begins to spread in the population, information about the disease is transmitted to others, which in turn has an effect on…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-15 Xiu-Xiu Zhan , Chuang Liu , Ge Zhou , Zi-Ke Zhang , Gui-Quan Sun , Jonathan J. H. Zhu

Longitudinal cohorts to determine the incidence of HIV infection are logistically challenging, so researchers have sought alternative strategies. Recency test methods use biomarker profiles of HIV-infected subjects in a cross-sectional…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-13 Fei Gao , Marlena S. Bannick

Accurate assessment of students' ability is the key task of a test. Assessments based on final responses are the standard. As the infrastructure advances, substantially more information is observed. One of such instances is the process data…

Applications · Statistics 2025-01-08 Susu Zhang , Zhi Wang , Jitong Qi , Jingchen Liu , Zhiliang Ying