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The challenge of overfitting, in which the model memorizes the training data and fails to generalize to test data, has become increasingly significant in the training of large neural networks. To tackle this challenge, Sharpness-Aware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Zixiang Chen , Junkai Zhang , Yiwen Kou , Xiangning Chen , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Quanquan Gu

The paper investigates the fundamental convergence properties of Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM), a recently proposed gradient-based optimization method [Foret et al., 2021] that significantly improves the generalization of deep neural…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-22 Pham Duy Khanh , Hoang-Chau Luong , Boris S. Mordukhovich , Dat Ba Tran

Optimization in large language models (LLMs) unfolds over high-dimensional parameter spaces with non-Euclidean structure. Information geometry frames this landscape using the Fisher information metric, enabling more principled learning via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Riccardo Di Sipio

In this paper, we study an asymptotic approximation of the Fisher information for the estimation of a scalar parameter using quantized measurements. We show that, as the number of quantization intervals tends to infinity, the loss of Fisher…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-10-28 Rodrigo Cabral Farias , Jean-Marc Brossier

The Fisher information matrix (FIM) plays an important role in the analysis of parameter inference and system design problems. In a number of cases, however, the statistical data distribution and its associated information matrix are either…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-24 Dave Zachariah , Petre Stoica

Neural networks trained by empirical risk minimization often suffer from overfitting, especially to specific samples or domains, which leads to poor generalization. Curriculum Learning (CL) addresses this issue by selecting training samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Hiroaki Aizawa , Yoshikazu Hayashi

The Sharpness Aware Minimization (SAM) optimization algorithm has been shown to control large eigenvalues of the loss Hessian and provide generalization benefits in a variety of settings. The original motivation for SAM was a modified loss…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Atish Agarwala , Yann N. Dauphin

Recent studies showed that the generalization of neural networks is correlated with the sharpness of the loss landscape, and flat minima suggests a better generalization ability than sharp minima. In this paper, we propose a novel method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Yuyan Zhou , Ye Li , Lei Feng , Sheng-Jun Huang

Flat minima are strongly associated with improved generalisation in deep neural networks. However, this connection has proven nuanced in recent studies, with both theoretical counterexamples and empirical exceptions emerging in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Israel Mason-Williams , Gabryel Mason-Williams , Helen Yannakoudakis

Regression is fundamental in computer vision and is widely used in various tasks including age estimation, depth estimation, target localization, \etc However, real-world data often exhibits imbalanced distribution, making regression models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yahao Liu , Qin Wang , Lixin Duan , Wen Li

This paper establishes a mathematical foundation for the Adam optimizer, elucidating its connection to natural gradient descent through Riemannian and information geometry. We provide an accessible and detailed analysis of the diagonal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Dongseong Hwang

This paper introduces a methodology based on Euclidean information theory to investigate local properties of secure communication over discrete memoryless wiretap channels. We formulate a constrained optimization problem that maximizes a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Emmanouil M. Athanasakos , Nicholas Kalouptsidis , Hariprasad Manjunath

Deviations from the center within a robust neighborhood of a parametric model distribution may naturally be considered an infinite dimensional nuisance parameter. Thus, the semiparametric method may be tried, which is to compute the scores…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-12-05 Helmut Rieder

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has emerged as a promising approach for effectively reducing the generalization error. However, SAM incurs twice the computational cost compared to base optimizer (e.g., SGD). We propose Asymptotic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Jiaxin Deng , Junbiao Pang , Baochang Zhang

We study the implicit bias of Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) when training $L$-layer linear diagonal networks on linearly separable binary classification. For linear models ($L=1$), both $\ell_\infty$- and $\ell_2$-SAM recover the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chaewon Moon , Dongkuk Si , Chulhee Yun

Recently, flat-minima optimizers, which seek to find parameters in low-loss neighborhoods, have been shown to improve a neural network's generalization performance over stochastic and adaptive gradient-based optimizers. Two methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Jean Kaddour , Linqing Liu , Ricardo Silva , Matt J. Kusner

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) seeks the minima with a flat loss landscape to improve the generalization performance in machine learning tasks, including fine-tuning. However, its extra parameter perturbation step doubles the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yifei Cheng , Xianglin Yang , Guoxia Wang , Chao Huang , Fei Ma , Dianhai Yu , Xiaochun Cao , Li Shen

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has been proven to be an effective optimization technique for improving generalization in overparameterized models. While prior works have explored the implicit regularization of SAM in simple two-core…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Tianxiao Cao , Kyohei Atarashi , Hisashi Kashima

Recently, sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has attracted much attention because of its surprising effectiveness in improving generalization performance. However, compared to stochastic gradient descent (SGD), it is more prone to getting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Chengli Tan , Jiangshe Zhang , Junmin Liu , Yicheng Wang , Yunda Hao

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has recently emerged as an effective technique for improving DNN robustness to input variations. However, its interplay with the compactness requirements of on-device DNN deployments remains less explored.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jialuo He , Huangxun Chen
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