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As a practical privacy-preserving learning method, split learning has drawn much attention in academia and industry. However, its security is constantly being questioned since the intermediate results are shared during training and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Fei Zheng , Chaochao Chen , Lingjuan Lyu , Xinyi Fu , Xing Fu , Weiqiang Wang , Xiaolin Zheng , Jianwei Yin

Federated learning facilitates the collaborative training of models without the sharing of raw data. However, recent attacks demonstrate that simply maintaining data locality during training processes does not provide sufficient privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Stacey Truex , Nathalie Baracaldo , Ali Anwar , Thomas Steinke , Heiko Ludwig , Rui Zhang , Yi Zhou

Split learning is a promising paradigm for privacy-preserving distributed learning. The learning model can be cut into multiple portions to be collaboratively trained at the participants by exchanging only the intermediate results at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Junlin Liu , Xinchen Lyu , Qimei Cui , Xiaofeng Tao

The traditional framework of federated learning (FL) requires each client to re-train their models in every iteration, making it infeasible for resource-constrained mobile devices to train deep-learning (DL) models. Split learning (SL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Manas Wadhwa , Gagan Raj Gupta , Ashutosh Sahu , Rahul Saini , Vidhi Mittal

Deep learning, when integrated with a large amount of training data, has the potential to outperform machine learning in terms of high accuracy. Recently, privacy-preserving deep learning has drawn significant attention of the research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Mukesh Sahani , Binanda Sengupta

Fine-tuning a large language model (LLM) using the local data of edge users can enable personalized services and applications. For privacy protection, the prevalent solution adopts distributed learning for fine-tuning and integrates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Songge Zhang , Guoliang Cheng , Zuguang Li , Wen Wu

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and the advent of the 5G era, deep learning has received extensive attention from researchers. Broad Learning System (BLS) is a new deep learning model proposed recently, which shows its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Haiyang Liu , Hanlin Zhang , Li Guo , Jia Yu , Jie Lin

Split Learning (SL) has emerged as a practical and efficient alternative to traditional federated learning. While previous attempts to attack SL have often relied on overly strong assumptions or targeted easily exploitable models, we seek…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Xiaochen Zhu , Xinjian Luo , Yuncheng Wu , Yangfan Jiang , Xiaokui Xiao , Beng Chin Ooi

With the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM applications have expanded into a growing number of fields. However, users with data privacy concerns face limitations in directly utilizing LLM APIs, while private deployments incur…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Zixuan Gu , Qiufeng Fan , Long Sun , Yang Liu , Xiaojun Ye

Federated Learning is a promising approach for learning from user data while preserving data privacy. However, the high requirements of the model training process make it difficult for clients with limited memory or bandwidth to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Minh K. Quan , Dinh C. Nguyen , Van-Dinh Nguyen , Mayuri Wijayasundara , Sujeeva Setunge , Pubudu N. Pathirana

Federated Learning (FL), Split Learning (SL), and SplitFed Learning (SFL) are three recent developments in distributed machine learning that are gaining attention due to their ability to preserve the privacy of raw data. Thus, they are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Praveen Joshi , Chandra Thapa , Seyit Camtepe , Mohammed Hasanuzzamana , Ted Scully , Haithem Afli

Split Learning (SL) is a distributed deep learning approach enabling multiple clients and a server to collaboratively train and infer on a shared deep neural network (DNN) without requiring clients to share their private local data. The DNN…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Phillip Rieger , Alessandro Pegoraro , Kavita Kumari , Tigist Abera , Jonathan Knauer , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Federated learning (FL) has been widely regarded as a promising paradigm for privacy preservation of raw data in machine learning. Although, the data privacy in FL is locally protected to some extent, it is still a desideratum to enhance…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Yifan Wang , Xianghui Cao , Shi Jin , Mo-Yuen Chow

In the distributed collaborative machine learning (DCML) paradigm, federated learning (FL) recently attracted much attention due to its applications in health, finance, and the latest innovations such as industry 4.0 and smart vehicles. FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Chandra Thapa , M. A. P. Chamikara , Seyit A. Camtepe

Split learning of deep neural networks (SplitNN) has provided a promising solution to learning jointly for the mutual interest of a guest and a host, which may come from different backgrounds, holding features partitioned vertically.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Yunlong Mao , Zexi Xin , Zhenyu Li , Jue Hong , Qingyou Yang , Sheng Zhong

Federated Learning (FL) and Split Learning (SL) are privacy-preserving Machine-Learning (ML) techniques that enable training ML models over data distributed among clients without requiring direct access to their raw data. Existing FL and SL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Ali Abedi , Shehroz S. Khan

Federated learning (FL) is a privacy-preserving collaborative learning framework, and differential privacy can be applied to further enhance its privacy protection. Existing FL systems typically adopt Federated Average (FedAvg) as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Lumin Liu , Jun Zhang , Shenghui Song , Khaled B. Letaief

In Semi-Supervised Semi-Private (SP) learning, the learner has access to both public unlabelled and private labelled data. We propose a computationally efficient algorithm that, under mild assumptions on the data, provably achieves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Francesco Pinto , Yaxi Hu , Fanny Yang , Amartya Sanyal

This paper proposes a novel split learning framework with multiple end-systems in order to realize privacypreserving deep neural network computation. In conventional split learning frameworks, deep neural network computation is separated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Joongheon Kim , Seunghoon Park , Soyi Jung , Seehwan Yoo

Split Learning has been recently introduced to facilitate applications where user data privacy is a requirement. However, it has not been thoroughly studied in the context of Privacy-Preserving Record Linkage, a problem in which the same…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Michail Zervas , Alexandros Karakasidis