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Several manufacturers have already started to commercialize near-bank Processing-In-Memory (PIM) architectures. Near-bank PIM architectures place simple cores close to DRAM banks and can yield significant performance and energy improvements…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Christina Giannoula , Ivan Fernandez , Juan Gómez-Luna , Nectarios Koziris , Georgios Goumas , Onur Mutlu

With Von-Neumann computing architectures struggling to address computationally- and memory-intensive big data analytic task today, Processing-in-Memory (PIM) platforms are gaining growing interests. In this way, processing-in-DRAM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Shaahin Angizi , Deliang Fan

The ever-increasing computation complexity of fast-growing Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) has requested new computing paradigms to overcome the memory wall in conventional Von Neumann computing architectures. The emerging Computing-In-Memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Kaining Zhou , Yangshuo He , Rui Xiao , Kejie Huang

As transistor-based memory technologies like dynamic random access memory (DRAM) approach their scalability limits, the need to explore alternative storage solutions becomes increasingly urgent. Phase-change memory (PCM) has gained…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mahek Desai , Rowena Quinn , Marjan Asadinia

With the rapid growth of deep neural networks (DNNs), compute-in-memory (CIM) has emerged as a promising energy-efficient paradigm for accelerating multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) operations. Yet, current CIM architectures are largely limited…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Subhradip Chakraborty , Ankur Singh , Akhilesh R. Jaiswal

Compute-in-memory (CIM) has emerged as a pivotal direction for accelerating workloads in the field of machine learning, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, the effective exploitation of sparsity in CIM systems presents numerous…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yingjie Qi , Jianlei Yang , Rubing Yang , Cenlin Duan , Xiaolin He , Ziyan He , Weitao Pan , Weisheng Zhao

Processing-using-DRAM (PUD) architectures impose a restrictive data layout and alignment for their operands, where source and destination operands (i) must reside in the same DRAM subarray (i.e., a group of DRAM rows sharing the same row…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Geraldo F. Oliveira , Emanuele G. Esposito , Juan Gómez-Luna , Onur Mutlu

The rise of data-intensive applications exposed the limitations of conventional processor-centric von-Neumann architectures that struggle to meet the off-chip memory bandwidth demand. Therefore, recent innovations in computer architecture…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Asif Ali Khan , Hamid Farzaneh , Karl F. A. Friebel , Clément Fournier , Lorenzo Chelini , Jeronimo Castrillon

Computing-in-Memory (CIM) architectures have emerged as a promising solution for accelerating Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) by mitigating data movement bottlenecks. However, realizing the potential of CIM requires specialized dataflow…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Xiaolin He , Cenlin Duan , Yingjie Qi , Xiao Ma , Jianlei Yang

Homomorphic encryption (HE) allows direct computations on encrypted data. Despite numerous research efforts, the practicality of HE schemes remains to be demonstrated. In this regard, the enormous size of ciphertexts involved in HE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Dayane Reis , Jonathan Takeshita , Taeho Jung , Michael Niemier , Xiaobo Sharon Hu

The expansion of long-context Large Language Models (LLMs) creates significant memory system challenges. While Processing-in-Memory (PIM) is a promising accelerator, we identify that it suffers from critical inefficiencies when scaled to…

In-memory computing is an emerging computing paradigm that overcomes the limitations of exiting Von-Neumann computing architectures such as the memory-wall bottleneck. In such paradigm, the computations are performed directly on the data…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Mohammed E. Fouda , Hasan Erdem Yantir , Ahmed M. Eltawil , Fadi Kurdahi

Near-bank Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures integrate processing cores (PIMcores) close to DRAM banks to mitigate the high cost of off-chip memory accesses. When accelerating convolutional neural network (CNN) on DRAM-PIM,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Simei Yang , Xinyu Shi , Lu Zhao , Yunyu Ling , Quanjun Wang , Francky Catthoor

Several manufacturers have already started to commercialize near-bank Processing-In-Memory (PIM) architectures. Near-bank PIM architectures place simple cores close to DRAM banks and can yield significant performance and energy improvements…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Christina Giannoula , Ivan Fernandez , Juan Gómez-Luna , Nectarios Koziris , Georgios Goumas , Onur Mutlu

High performance large scale graph analytics are essential to timely analyze relationships in big data sets. Conventional processor architectures suffer from inefficient resource usage and bad scaling on those workloads. To enable efficient…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed on edge devices with Neural Processing Units (NPUs), yet the decode phase remains memory-intensive, limiting performance. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) offers a promising solution, but…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Hai Huang

Compute-in-memory (CiM) is a promising approach to improving the computing speed and energy efficiency in dataintensive applications. Beyond existing CiM techniques of bitwise logic-in-memory operations and dot product operations, this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Yiming Chen , Yushen Fu , Mingyen Lee , Sumitha George , Yongpan Liu , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan , Huazhong Yang , Xueqing Li

The performance bottleneck of deep-learning-based recommender systems resides in their backbone Deep Neural Networks. By integrating Processing-In-Memory~(PIM) architectures, researchers can reduce data movement and enhance energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Feng Cheng , Tunhou Zhang , Junyao Zhang , Jonathan Hao-Cheng Ku , Yitu Wang , Xiaoxuan Yang , Hai , Li , Yiran Chen

DRAM-based main memory is used in nearly all computing systems as a major component. One way of overcoming the main memory bottleneck is to move computation near memory, a paradigm known as processing-in-memory (PiM). Recent PiM techniques…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Ataberk Olgun , Juan Gomez Luna , Konstantinos Kanellopoulos , Behzad Salami , Hasan Hassan , Oguz Ergin , Onur Mutlu

Processing-in-memory (PIM) has emerged as the go to solution for addressing the von Neumann bottleneck in edge AI accelerators. However, state-of-the-art (SoTA) digital PIM approaches suffer from low compute density, primarily due to the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Mukul Lokhande , Narendra Singh Dhakad , Seema Chouhan , Akash Sankhe , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma