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Machine-translated benchmarks are widely used to assess the multilingual capabilities of large language models (LLMs), yet translation errors in these benchmarks remain underexplored, raising concerns about the reliability and comparability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Klaudia-Doris Thellmann , Bernhard Stadler , Michael Färber , Jens Lehmann

The Neural Machine Translation (NMT) model is essentially a joint language model conditioned on both the source sentence and partial translation. Therefore, the NMT model naturally involves the mechanism of the Language Model (LM) that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Mengqi Miao , Fandong Meng , Yijin Liu , Xiao-Hua Zhou , Jie Zhou

We introduce MT-LENS, a framework designed to evaluate Machine Translation (MT) systems across a variety of tasks, including translation quality, gender bias detection, added toxicity, and robustness to misspellings. While several toolkits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Javier García Gilabert , Carlos Escolano , Audrey Mash , Xixian Liao , Maite Melero

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models achieve state-of-the-art performance on many translation benchmarks. As an active research field in NMT, knowledge distillation is widely applied to enhance the model's performance by transferring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Fusheng Wang , Jianhao Yan , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

Neural machine translation (NMT) has achieved remarkable success in producing high-quality translations. However, current NMT systems suffer from a lack of reliability, as their outputs that are often affected by lexical or syntactic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Rongxiang Weng , Qiang Wang , Wensen Cheng , Changfeng Zhu , Min Zhang

As the quality of machine translation rises and neural machine translation (NMT) is moving from sentence to document level translations, it is becoming increasingly difficult to evaluate the output of translation systems. We provide a test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Kateřina Rysová , Magdaléna Rysová , Tomáš Musil , Lucie Poláková , Ondřej Bojar

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has reached a level of maturity to be recognized as the premier method for the translation between different languages and aroused interest in different research areas, including software engineering. A key…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Pietro Liguori , Cristina Improta , Simona De Vivo , Roberto Natella , Bojan Cukic , Domenico Cotroneo

In this paper, we propose a new metric for Machine Translation (MT) evaluation, based on bi-directional entailment. We show that machine generated translation can be evaluated by determining paraphrasing with a reference translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Rakesh Khobragade , Heaven Patel , Anand Namdev , Anish Mishra , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

Machine translation systems are expected to cope with various types of constraints in many practical scenarios. While neural machine translation (NMT) has achieved strong performance in unconstrained cases, it is non-trivial to impose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Shuo Wang , Peng Li , Zhixing Tan , Zhaopeng Tu , Maosong Sun , Yang Liu

We introduce a new, extensive multidimensional quality metrics (MQM) annotated dataset covering 11 language pairs in the biomedical domain. We use this dataset to investigate whether machine translation (MT) metrics which are fine-tuned on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Vilém Zouhar , Shuoyang Ding , Anna Currey , Tatyana Badeka , Jenyuan Wang , Brian Thompson

Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (NMT) enables one model to serve all translation directions, including ones that are unseen during training, i.e. zero-shot translation. Despite being theoretically attractive, current models often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Yilin Yang , Akiko Eriguchi , Alexandre Muzio , Prasad Tadepalli , Stefan Lee , Hany Hassan

Most trainable machine translation (MT) metrics train their weights on human judgments of state-of-the-art MT systems outputs. This makes trainable metrics biases in many ways. One of them is preferring longer translations. These biased…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-08-12 Miloš Stanojević

While machine translation evaluation metrics based on string overlap (e.g., BLEU) have their limitations, their computations are transparent: the BLEU score assigned to a particular candidate translation can be traced back to the presence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Marzena Karpinska , Nishant Raj , Katherine Thai , Yixiao Song , Ankita Gupta , Mohit Iyyer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced Machine Translation (MT), applying them to linguistically complex domains-such as Social Network Services, literature etc. In these scenarios, translations often require handling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yanzhi Tian , Cunxiang Wang , Zeming Liu , Heyan Huang , Wenbo Yu , Dawei Song , Jie Tang , Yuhang Guo

Assessing performance in Natural Language Processing is becoming increasingly complex. One particular challenge is the potential for evaluation datasets to overlap with training data, either directly or indirectly, which can lead to skewed…

Across multiple language pairings (English $\to$ \{Spanish, French, German, Mandarin, Japanese, Urdu, Cantonese\}), we find reasoning errors in translation. To quantify how often these reasoning errors occur, we leverage an automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Calvin Bao , Marine Carpuat

Social media companies as well as authorities make extensive use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to monitor postings of hate speech, celebrations of violence or profanity. Since AI software requires massive volumes of data to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Hadeel Saadany , Constantin Orasan

In this paper, we describe a tool for debugging the output and attention weights of neural machine translation (NMT) systems and for improved estimations of confidence about the output based on the attention. The purpose of the tool is to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-09 Matīss Rikters

Automatic Program translation has enormous application value and hence has been attracting significant interest from AI researchers. However, we observe that current program translation models still make elementary syntax errors,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Mengnan Qi , Yufan Huang , Maoquan Wang , Yongqiang Yao , Zihan Liu , Bin Gu , Colin Clement , Neel Sundaresan

Neural machine translation (NMT) generates the next target token given as input the previous ground truth target tokens during training while the previous generated target tokens during inference, which causes discrepancy between training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Kaitao Song , Xu Tan , Jianfeng Lu