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Background: Chronic diseases impose a sustained burden on healthcare systems through progressive deterioration and long-term costs. Although adherence-enhancing interventions are widely promoted, their return on investment (ROI) remains…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-09 Jinho Cha , Eunchan D. Cha , Emily Yoo , Hyoshin Song

Emerging in December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread health, economic, and social disruptions. Rapid global transmission overwhelmed healthcare systems, resulting in high infection rates, hospitalisations, and fatalities. To…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-08 Zacharias Komodromos , Kleanthis Malialis , Panayiotis Kolios

Given limited supply of approved vaccines and constrained medical resources, design of a vaccination strategy to control a pandemic is an economic problem. We use time-series and panel methods with real-world country-level data to estimate…

General Economics · Economics 2022-01-19 Dongwoo Kim , Young Jun Lee

The rapid spread of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) confronts policy makers with the problem of measuring the effectiveness of containment strategies, balancing public health considerations with the economic costs of social distancing measures.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-04-02 Claudius Gros , Roser Valenti , Lukas Schneider , Kilian Valenti , Daniel Gros

Throughout the Covid-19 pandemic, a significant amount of effort had been put into developing techniques that predict the number of infections under various assumptions about the public policy and non-pharmaceutical interventions. While…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Sharare Zehtabian , Siavash Khodadadeh , Damla Turgut , Ladislau Bölöni

To curb the initial spread of SARS-CoV-2, many countries relied on nation-wide implementation of non-pharmaceutical intervention measures, resulting in substantial socio-economic impacts. Potentially, subnational implementations might have…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-12-19 Mark M. Dekker , Luc E. Coffeng , Frank P. Pijpers , Debabrata Panja , Sake J. de Vlas

This paper relies on a microsimulation framework to undertake an analysis of the distributional implications of the COVID-19 crisis over three waves. Given the lack of real-time survey data during the fast moving crisis, it applies a…

General Economics · Economics 2021-03-16 Cathal O'Donoghue , Denisa M. Sologon , Iryna Kyzyma , John McHale

In this paper, we deal with the study of the impact of nationwide measures COVID-19 anti-pandemic. We drive two processes to analyze COVID-19 data considering measures. We associate level of nationwide measure with value of parameters…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-08-11 Mouhamadou A. M. T. Balde , Coura Balde , Babacar M. Ndiaye

In diseases with long-term immunity, vaccination is known to increase the average age at infection as a result of the decrease in the pathogen circulation. This implies that a vaccination campaign can have negative effects when a disease is…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2024-06-04 Fabio A. C. C. Chalub , Paulo Doutor , Paula Patrício , Maria do Céu Soares

The COVID-19 pandemic and the mitigation policies implemented in response to it have resulted in economic losses worldwide. Attempts to understand the relationship between economics and epidemiology has lead to a new generation of…

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused over 6.4 million registered deaths to date and has had a profound impact on economic activity. Here, we study the interaction of transmission, mortality, and the economy during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from…

To mitigate the impact of the pandemic, several measures include lockdowns, rapid vaccination programs, school closures, and economic stimulus. These interventions can have positive or unintended negative consequences. Current research to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Gaurav Deshkar , Jayanta Kshirsagar , Harshal Hayatnagarkar , Janani Venugopalan

This study aims at modeling the universal failure in preventing the outbreak of COVID-19 via real-world data from the perspective of complexity and network science. Through formalizing information heterogeneity and government intervention…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-10-26 Xiaoqi Zhang , Jie Fu , Sheng Hua , Han Liang , Zi-Ke Zhang

Herd immunity is shaped not only by the infection capacity of a spreading epidemic or the contact structure of the hosting population, but also by how and under what circumstances individuals acquire immunity. Immunization strategies may…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-02-20 Sámuel G. Balogh , Gergely Ódor , Márton Karsai

Vaccination is widely recognised as one of the most effective forms of public health interventions. Individuals decisions regarding vaccination creates a complex social dilemma between individual and collective interests, where each…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-11-28 Nataliya A. Balabanova , Manh Hong Duong

Mathematical modelling has been used to support the response to the COVID-19 pandemic in countries around the world including Australia and New Zealand. Both these countries have followed similar pandemic response strategies, using a…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-08-27 James M. McCaw , Michael J. Plank

This paper discusses some statistical aspects of the U.K. Covid-19 pandemic response, focussing particularly on cases where we believe that a statistically questionable approach or presentation has had a substantial impact on public…

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges worldwide, with its impact varying significantly across different geographic and socioeconomic contexts. This study employs a clustering analysis to examine the diversity of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Morteza Maleki

National stay-at-home orders, or lockdowns, were imposed in several countries to drastically reduce the social interactions mainly responsible for the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Despite being essential to slow down the COVID-19…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-11-03 Adrià Plazas , Irene Malvestio , Michele Starnini , Albert Díaz-Guilera

I develop a novel macroeconomic epidemiological agent-based model to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic under varying policy scenarios. Agents differ with regard to their profession, family status and age and interact with other…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-11-13 Patrick Mellacher