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This paper is concerned with a class of algorithms that perform exhaustive search on propositional knowledge bases. We show that each of these algorithms defines and generates a propositional language. Specifically, we show that the trace…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-10-13 A. Darwiche , J. Huang

Graph-based design languages in UML (Unified Modeling Language) are presented as a method to encode and automate the complete design process and the final optimization of the product or complex system. A design language consists of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Samuel Vogel , Stephan Rudolph

We report some further developments regarding the language theory of higher-dimensional automata (HDAs). Regular languages of HDAs are sets of finite interval partially ordered multisets (pomsets) with interfaces. We show a pumping lemma…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Amazigh Amrane , Hugo Bazille , Uli Fahrenberg , Krzysztof Ziemiański

Ideal or real - that is the question.In this work, we explore whether principles from game theory can be effectively applied to the evaluation of large language models (LLMs). This inquiry is motivated by the growing inadequacy of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Gao Yang , Yuhang Liu , Siyu Miao , Xinyue Liang , Zhengyang Liu , Heyan Huang

Description Logics (DLs) are a family of knowledge representation formalisms mainly characterised by constructors to build complex concepts and roles from atomic ones. Expressive role constructors are important in many applications, but can…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Ian Horrocks , Ulrike Sattler , Stephan Tobies

Hybrid games are models which combine discrete, continuous, and adversarial dynamics. Game logic enables proving (classical) existence of winning strategies. We introduce constructive differential game logic (CdGL) for hybrid games, where…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Rose Bohrer , André Platzer

The real world unfolds along a single set of physics laws, yet human intelligence demonstrates a remarkable capacity to generalize experiences from this singular physical existence into a multiverse of games, each governed by entirely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Kuan Zhang , Dongchen Liu , Qiyue Zhao , Tianyu Xin , Yue Su , Haisheng Wang , Han Yin , Hongbo Ma , Peize Li , Tianjun Gu , Xiangnan Wu , Xinran Zhang , Yongxuan Li , Zirong Chen , Yiming Li

This document discusses the definition of the Parameter Description Language (PDL). In this language parameters are described in a rigorous data model. With no loss of generality, we will represent this data model using XML. It intends to…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-05 Carlo Maria Zwolf , Paul Harrison , Julian Garrido , Jose Enrique Ruiz , Franck Le Petit

AI-controlled characters in fighting games are expected to possess reasonably high skills and behave in a believable, human-like manner, exhibiting a diversity of play styles and strategies. Thus, the development of fighting game AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Kaori Yuda , Shota Kamei , Riku Tanji , Ryoya Ito , Ippo Wakana , Maxim Mozgovoy

We introduce string diagrams as a formal mathematical, graphical language to represent, compose, program and reason about games. The language is well established in quantum physics, quantum computing and quantum linguistic with the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-21 Jules Hedges , Evguenia Shprits , Viktor Winschel , Philipp Zahn

We introduce a novel and extensible benchmark for large language models (LLMs) through grid-based games such as Tic-Tac-Toe, Connect Four, and Gomoku. The open-source game simulation code, available on GitHub, allows LLMs to compete and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Oguzhan Topsakal , Colby Jacob Edell , Jackson Bailey Harper

Towards an embodied generalist for real-world interaction, Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) agents still suffer from challenging latency, sparse feedback, and irreversible mistakes. Video games offer an ideal testbed with rich visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Mingyu Ouyang , Siyuan Hu , Kevin Qinghong Lin , Hwee Tou Ng , Mike Zheng Shou

Description logics are a powerful tool for describing ontological knowledge bases. That is, they give a factual account of the world in terms of individuals, concepts and relations. In the presence of uncertainty, such factual accounts are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Tim French , Tom Smoker

The ability to learn optimal control policies in systems where action space is defined by sentences in natural language would allow many interesting real-world applications such as automatic optimisation of dialogue systems. Text-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Mikuláš Zelinka

The large language model (LLM) based agents have demonstrated their capacity to automate and expedite software development processes. In this paper, we focus on game development and propose a multi-agent collaborative framework, dubbed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Dake Chen , Haoyang Zhang , Hanbin Wang , Yunhao Huo , Yuzhao Li , Junjie Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have taken the scientific world by storm, changing the landscape of natural language processing and human-computer interaction. These powerful tools can answer complex questions and, surprisingly, perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Pier Luca Lanzi , Daniele Loiacono

Playing video games requires perception, memory, and planning, exactly the faculties modern large language model (LLM) agents are expected to master. We study the major challenges in using popular video games to evaluate modern LLMs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Lanxiang Hu , Mingjia Huo , Yuxuan Zhang , Haoyang Yu , Eric P. Xing , Ion Stoica , Tajana Rosing , Haojian Jin , Hao Zhang

Ludics is a logical framework in which types/formulas are modelled by sets of terms with the same computational behaviour. This paper investigates the representation of inductive data types and functional types in ludics. We study their…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-07-28 Alice Pavaux

We introduce a framework that allows for the construction of sequent systems for expressive description logics extending ALC. Our framework not only covers a wide array of common description logics, but also allows for sequent systems to be…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Tim Lyon , Jonas Karge

Most work in game theory assumes that players are perfect reasoners and have common knowledge of all significant aspects of the game. In earlier work, we proposed a framework for representing and analyzing games with possibly unaware…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-17 Leandro C. Rego , Joseph Y. Halpern