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The convergence of online learning algorithms in games under self-play is a fundamental question in game theory and machine learning. Among various notions of convergence, last-iterate convergence is particularly desirable, as it reflects…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yang Cai , Haipeng Luo , Chen-Yu Wei , Weiqiang Zheng

We consider the setting where players run the Hedge algorithm or its optimistic variant to play an $n$-action game repeatedly for $T$ rounds. 1) For two-player games, we show that the regret of optimistic Hedge decays at $\tilde{O}( 1/T…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Xi Chen , Binghui Peng

In constrained Markov decision processes (CMDPs) with adversarial rewards and constraints, a well-known impossibility result prevents any algorithm from attaining both sublinear regret and sublinear constraint violation, when competing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Francesco Emanuele Stradi , Anna Lunghi , Matteo Castiglioni , Alberto Marchesi , Nicola Gatti

We study the problem of guaranteeing low regret in repeated games against an opponent with unknown membership in one of several classes. We add the constraint that our algorithm is non-exploitable, in that the opponent lacks an incentive to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Anthony DiGiovanni , Ambuj Tewari

We consider the problem where $M$ agents interact with $M$ identical and independent environments with $S$ states and $A$ actions using reinforcement learning for $T$ rounds. The agents share their data with a central server to minimize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-23 Mridul Agarwal , Bhargav Ganguly , Vaneet Aggarwal

This paper presents a new framework for analyzing and designing no-regret algorithms for dynamic (possibly adversarial) systems. The proposed framework generalizes the popular online convex optimization framework and extends it to its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-30 Ian Gemp , Sridhar Mahadevan

We give a simple optimistic algorithm for which it is easy to derive regret bounds of $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{t_{\rm mix} SAT})$ after $T$ steps in uniformly ergodic Markov decision processes with $S$ states, $A$ actions, and mixing time parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Ronald Ortner

We study the limiting behavior of the mixed strategies that result from optimal no-regret learning strategies in a repeated game setting where the stage game is any 2 by 2 competitive game. We consider optimal no-regret algorithms that are…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Vidya Muthukumar , Soham Phade , Anant Sahai

The dueling bandit is a learning framework wherein the feedback information in the learning process is restricted to a noisy comparison between a pair of actions. In this research, we address a dueling bandit problem based on a cost…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-13 Wataru Kumagai

Online learning is a powerful tool for analyzing iterative algorithms. However, the classic adversarial setup sometimes fails to capture certain regularity in online problems in practice. Motivated by this, we establish a new setup, called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Ching-An Cheng , Jonathan Lee , Ken Goldberg , Byron Boots

We study the problem of full-information online learning in the "bounded recall" setting popular in the study of repeated games. An online learning algorithm $\mathcal{A}$ is $M$-$\textit{bounded-recall}$ if its output at time $t$ can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jon Schneider , Kiran Vodrahalli

We study an asynchronous online learning setting with a network of agents. At each time step, some of the agents are activated, requested to make a prediction, and pay the corresponding loss. The loss function is then revealed to these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Nicolò Cesa-Bianchi , Tommaso R. Cesari , Claire Monteleoni

We study the quality of outcomes in repeated games when the population of players is dynamically changing and participants use learning algorithms to adapt to the changing environment. Game theory classically considers Nash equilibria of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-25 Thodoris Lykouris , Vasilis Syrgkanis , Eva Tardos

In this paper, we consider the problem of finding a meta-learning online control algorithm that can learn across the tasks when faced with a sequence of $N$ (similar) control tasks. Each task involves controlling a linear dynamical system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Deepan Muthirayan , Dileep Kalathil , Pramod P. Khargonekar

We study learnability of mixed-strategy Nash Equilibrium (NE) in general finite games using higher-order replicator dynamics as well as classes of higher-order uncoupled heterogeneous dynamics. In higher-order uncoupled learning dynamics,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Sarah A. Toonsi , Jeff S. Shamma

A central capability of intelligent systems is the ability to continuously build upon previous experiences to speed up and enhance learning of new tasks. Two distinct research paradigms have studied this question. Meta-learning views this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-05 Chelsea Finn , Aravind Rajeswaran , Sham Kakade , Sergey Levine

We present a new algorithm based on posterior sampling for learning in constrained Markov decision processes (CMDP) in the infinite-horizon undiscounted setting. The algorithm achieves near-optimal regret bounds while being advantageous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Danil Provodin , Pratik Gajane , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Maurits Kaptein

This paper studies the optimistic variant of Fictitious Play for learning in two-player zero-sum games. While it is known that Optimistic FTRL -- a regularized algorithm with a bounded stepsize parameter -- obtains constant regret in this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 John Lazarsfeld , Georgios Piliouras , Ryann Sim , Stratis Skoulakis

We study online learning in unknown Markov games, a problem that arises in episodic multi-agent reinforcement learning where the actions of the opponents are unobservable. We show that in this challenging setting, achieving sublinear regret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Yi Tian , Yuanhao Wang , Tiancheng Yu , Suvrit Sra

We study an online mixed discrete and continuous optimization problem where a decision maker interacts with an unknown environment for a number of $T$ rounds. At each round, the decision maker needs to first jointly choose a discrete and a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Lintao Ye , Ming Chi , Zhi-Wei Liu , Xiaoling Wang , Vijay Gupta