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The classical method of determining the atomic structure of complex molecules by analyzing diffraction patterns is currently undergoing drastic developments. Modern techniques for producing extremely bright and coherent X-ray lasers allow a…
Emerging coherent X-ray scattering patterns of single-particles have shown dominant morphological signatures in agreement with predictions of the scattering model used for conventional protein crystallography. The key question is if and to…
Ptychography has become prominent at synchrotron facilities worldwide for characterizing biological and material specimens' topological structures and properties at the nanometer or atomic scale, due to its lens - less, highly quantitative…
Information on the lattice parameter of single crystals with known crystallographic structure allows for estimations of sample quality and composition. In many cases it is suffcient to determine one lattice parameter or the lattice spacing…
We report on fabrication of three dimensional (3D) microstructures in glass with isotropic spatial resolutions. To achieve high throughput fabrication, we expand the focal spot size with a low-numerical-aperture lens, which naturally…
Three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution imaging is essential in microscopy, yet light scattering poses significant challenges in achieving it. Here, we present an approach to holographic imaging of spatially incoherent objects through…
We describe a diffraction microscopy technique based on refractive optics to study structural variations in crystals. The X-ray beam diffracted by a crystal was magnified by beryllium parabolic refractive lenses on a 2D X-ray camera. The…
X-ray diffraction microscopy (XDM) is a new form of x-ray imaging that is being practiced at several third-generation synchrotron-radiation x-ray facilities. Although only five years have elapsed since the technique was first introduced, it…
We present a formalism of x-ray dynamical diffraction from volume diffractive optics with large numerical aperture and high aspect ratio, in an analogy to the Takagi-Taupin equations for strained single crystals. We derive a set of basic…
The problem of diffusion in a porous medium with a spatially varying porosity is considered. The particular microstructure analyzed comprises a collection of impenetrable spheres, though the methods developed are general. Two different…
Ptychographic imaging with soft X-rays, especially in the water window energy range, suffers from limited detector dynamic range that directly influences the maximum spatial resolution achievable. High-dynamic-range data can be obtained by…
A new method for investigation of x-ray propagation in a rough narrow dielectric waveguide is proposed on the basis of the numerical integration of the quazioptical equation. In calculations a model rough surface was used with the given…
Conventional X-ray methods use incoming plane waves and result in discrete diffraction patterns when scattered at crystals. Here we find, by a systematic method, incoming waveforms which exhibit discrete diffraction patterns when scattered…
An approach to visualize the accessible reciprocal space accounting the goniometer angles limitation and the resolution element in the reciprocal space is presented. The shapes of the accessible reciprocal space region for coplanar and…
Visualization in the virtual image formed by dielectric microparticles has been shown to enable the distinction of objects that remain indistinguishable under direct observation. We perform the resolution analysis based on a full…
Structured x-rays carrying an orbital angular momentum break spatial inversion symmetry and have been proposed as a means to probe chirality. We theoretically investigate twisted non-resonant x-ray diffraction from chiral molecules and…
It is proposed to create materials with a desired refraction coefficient in a bounded domain $D\subset \R^3$ by embedding many small balls with constant refraction coefficients into a given material. The number of small balls per unit…
We have developed an improved method of time-resolved x-ray reflectivity (XRR) using monochromatic synchrotron radiation. Our method utilizes a polycapillary x-ray optic to create a range of incident angles and an area detector to collect…
Sub-angstrom spatial resolution of electron density coupled with sub-femtosecond temporal resolution is required to directly observe the dynamics of the electronic structure of a molecule after photoinitiation or some other ultrafast…
This paper discusses the broad science case for obtaining milliarcsecond to microarcsecond astronomical imaging resolution in the soft to medium-energy X-ray band (~0.5 to ~8 keV). Astronomy across much of the electromagnetic spectrum has…