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An alternative approach to the Standard Model is outlined, being motivated by the increasing theoretical and experimental difficulties encountered by this model, which furthermore fails to be unitary. In particular, the conceptual…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-25 G. Sardin

The equations defining pure spinors are interpreted as equations of motion formulated on the lightcone of a ten-dimensional, lorentzian, momentum space. Most of the equations for fermion multiplets, usually adopted by particle physics, are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Paolo Budinich

The fermionic fields of one generation of the Standard Model, including the Lorentz spinor degrees of freedom, can be identified with components of a single real 64-dimensional semi-spinor representation S of the group Spin(11,3). We…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-03-23 Kirill Krasnov

The construction and general implications of a model with complete supersymmetric unification of the Standard Model matter content, interactions and families' replication into a single $E_{8}$ gauge superfield in ten dimensions is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-06-28 Alfredo Aranda , Francisco J. de Anda , António P. Morais , Roman Pasechnik

We propose a non-supersymmetric SU(5) model in which only the third family of fermions are unified. The model remedies the non-unification of the three Standard Model couplings in non-supersymmetric SU(5). It also provides a mechanism for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2012-11-26 Shreyashi Chakdar , Tianjun Li , S. Nandi , Santosh Kumar Rai

Gauge theories describe the interactions of the fundamental building blocks of nature with great success. The Standard Model achieves a partial unification of the electromagnetic and weak interactions, and it also acomodates the strong…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-05-30 J. Lorenzo Diaz-Cruz

We demonstrate that radiative breaking of conformal symmetry (and simultaneously electroweak symmetry) in the Standard Model with right-chiral neutrinos and a minimally enlarged scalar sector induces spontaneous breaking of lepton number…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-01-16 Krzysztof A. Meissner , Hermann Nicolai

The structure of a Standard Model family is derived in a class of brane models with a U(M) x U(N) factor, from two mildly anthropic requirements: a massless photon and a universe that does not turn into a plasma of massless charged…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-18 B. Gato-Rivera , A. N. Schellekens

The perfect fit of the matter fields of the Standard Model (SM) into the $SU(5)$ multiplets has strongly supported the idea of the Grand Unified Theory (GUT) for decades. In this paper, we discuss a novel framework which explains why the SM…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-12-02 Masahiro Ibe , Satoshi Shirai , Motoo Suzuki , Tsutomu T. Yanagida

To study symmetry and its breaking in particle physics, plays very important role in order to get useful information about the nature. The classification and arrangements of subatomic particles is also necessary to study particle physics.…

General Physics · Physics 2023-05-08 Imran Khan

We present $Z_3$ orbifold compactifications of $E_8\times E_8^\prime$ heterotic string with three Wilson lines, resulting to the maximum number of SU(3) factors. Here, all the matter spectrums are in the SU(3) trits($\equiv $ three…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-10 Jihn E. Kim

The Standard Model (SM) is a chiral theory, where right- and left-handed fermion fields transform differently under the gauge group. Extra fermions, if they do exist, need to be heavy otherwise they would have already been observed. With no…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-24 Renato M. Fonseca

We explore models where single new exotic states interact with the Standard Model through an asymmetric Standard Model portal with couplings to at least one gluon and one lepton. We consider the complete set of effective operators up to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-29 Linda M. Carpenter , Katherine Schwind

We have investigated the modular binary octahedral group $2O$ as a flavor symmetry to explain the structure of Standard Model. The vector-valued modular forms in all irreducible representations of this group are constructed. We have…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-10-22 Gui-Jun Ding , Xiang-Gan Liu , Jun-Nan Lu , Ming-Hua Weng

Different ways of representing the group $SU(3)$ within a Geometric Algebra approach are explored. As part of this we consider characteristic multivectors for $SU(3)$, and how these are linked with decomposition of generators into commuting…

General Physics · Physics 2022-02-15 Anthony Lasenby

Under a reasonable set of ab-initio assumptions, we define and chart the atlas of simple gauge theories with families of fermions whose masses are forbidden by gauge invariance. We propose a compass to navigate the atlas based on counting…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-22 Giacomo Cacciapaglia , Aldo Deandrea , Konstantinos Kollias , Francesco Sannino

We consider a Dirac equation set on an extended spin space that contains fermion and boson solutions. At given dimension, it determines the scalar symmetries. The standard field equations can be equivalently written in terms of such degrees…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-26 J. Besprosvany

We all know that in our family of particle physics we have three generations but still don't know why - the so-called "family problem". On other hand, in view of the masses and oscillations, the neutrinos now present some basic difficulty…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-08-18 W-Y. Pauchy Hwang

We present the first example of a grand unified theory (GUT) with a modular symmetry interpreted as a family symmetry. The theory is based on supersymmetric $SU(5)$ in 6d, where the two extra dimensions are compactified on a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-02-04 Francisco J. de Anda , Stephen F. King , Elena Perdomo

It is demonstrated how a set of particle representations, familiar from the Standard Model, collectively form a superalgebra. Those representations mirroring the internal behaviour of the Standard Model's gauge bosons, and three generations…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-18 N. Furey