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It is shown that physical signals and space-time intervals modeled on split-octonion geometry naturally exhibit properties from conventional (3+1)-theory (e.g. number of dimensions, existence of maximal velocities, Heisenberg uncertainty,…
We present what we believe are the first specific string (D-brane) constructions whose low-energy limit yields just a three generation $SU(3)\times SU(2)\times U(1)$ standard model with no extra fermions nor U(1)'s (without any further…
The experimental fact that standard model superpartners have not been observed compels one to consider an alternative implementation for supersymmetry. The basic supermultiplet proposed here consists of a photon and a charged spin 1/2 preon…
In this work we propose a simple extension of standard-model (SM) by adding eleven new particles to it. Three heavy leptons ($f_{e},\ f_{\mu},\ f_{\tau}$) singlet under the $SU(3)_{c}\times SU(2)_{L}$ carrying respective Lepton-Numbers,…
We consider phenomenological aspects of a natural class of Standard Model-like supersymmetric F-theory vacua realized through flux breaking of rigid $E_7$ gauge factors. Three generations of Standard Model matter are realized in many of…
We consider four-dimensional supersymmetric compactifications of the E8 x E8 heterotic string on Calabi-Yau manifolds endowed with vector bundles with structure group SU(N) x U(1) and five-branes. After evaluating the Green-Schwarz…
We describe a broad class of 4D F-theory models in which an $E_7$ gauge group is broken through fluxes to the Standard Model gauge group. These models are ubiquitous in the 4D F-theory landscape and can arise from flux breaking of most…
The Standard Model of elementary particles is a theory unifying three of the four basic forces of the Nature: electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions. In this paper we consider the Standard Model in the presence of a classical…
Group elements of SU(2) are expressed in closed form as finite polynomials of the Lie algebra generators, for all definite spin representations of the rotation group. The simple explicit result exhibits connections between group theory,…
We propose a geometric explanation of the standard model of Glashow, Weinberg and Salam for the known elementary particles. Our model is a generic Quantum Field Theory in dimension four, obtained by developing along a Lorentz sub-manifold…
From an octonion algebra $\mathbb{O}$ over a field $k$ of characteristic not two or three, we show that the fundamental representation ${\rm Im}(\mathbb{O})$ of the derivation algebra ${\rm Der}(\mathbb{O})$ and the spinor representation…
Generation dependent discrete symmetries often appear in models derived from superstring theories. In particular, in the framework of E$_6$ models the presence of such symmetries is required in order to allow for the radiative generation of…
Based on a few basic assumptions, a predictive supersymmetric grand unification $G_{U}=SO(10)\times \Delta_{48}(SU(3))\times U(1)$ model is proposed. Thus, all the observed 45 chiral fermions with additional 3 right-handed neutrinos are…
The Standard Model of electroweak interactions is shown to include a gauge theory for the observed scalar and pseudoscalar mesons. This is done by exploiting the consequences of embedding the SU(2)left X U(1) group into the chiral group of…
Deformed $\mathfrak{g}_2$ exceptional applications are introduced via the Clifford algebra-parametrized formalism. Using the products between multivectors of $\cl_{0,7}$, the Clifford algebra over the metric vector space $\RR^{0,7}$, and…
We discuss a grand unified theory (GUT) based on an $SO(32)$ GUT gauge group broken to its subgroups including a special subgroup. In the $SO(32)$ GUT on six-dimensional (6D) orbifold space $M^4\times T^2/\mathbb{Z}_2$, one generation of…
An additional generation of quarks and leptons and their SUSY counterparts, which are vector-like under the Standard Model gauge group but are chiral with respect to the new U(1)$_{3-4}$ gauge symmetry, are added to the Minimal…
To explain quark and lepton masses and mixing angles, one has to extend the standard model, and the usual practice is to put the quarks and leptons into irreducible representations of discrete groups. We argue that discrete flavor…
A complete set of postulates of the standard model of the electroweak interaction and mass generation is formulated and confirmed deriving the Lagrangian for the standard model. A massive fermion is formed by a right-handed and a…
We generate by computer a basis of invariants for the fundamental representations of the exceptional Lie groups E(6) and E(7), up to degree 18. We discuss the relevance of this calculation for the study of supersymmetric gauge theories, and…