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Modern foundation models rely heavily on using scaling laws to guide crucial training decisions. Researchers often extrapolate the optimal architecture and hyper parameters settings from smaller training runs by describing the relationship…
In personalized marketing, uplift models estimate incremental effects by modeling how customer behavior changes under alternative treatments. However, real-world data often exhibit biases - such as selection bias, spillover effects, and…
Endogenous, ideas-led, growth theory and agent based modelling with neighbourhood effects literature are crossed. In an economic overlapping generations framework, it is shown how social interactions and neighbourhood effects are of vital…
Children's health studies support an association between maternal environmental exposures and children's birth outcomes. A common goal is to identify critical windows of susceptibility--periods during gestation with increased association…
Overweight and obesity in adults are known to be associated with risks of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Because obesity is an epidemic, increasingly affecting children, it is important to understand if this condition persists from…
Malnutrition among newborns is a top public health concern in developing countries. Identification and subsequent growth monitoring are key to successful interventions. However, this is challenging in rural communities where health systems…
Growth in the global human population this century will have momentous consequences for societies and the environment. Population growth has come with higher aggregate human welfare, but also climate change and biodiversity loss. Based on…
This study shows the feasibility of an eHealth solution for tackling eating habits and physical activity in the adolescent population. The participants were children from 11 to 15 years old. An intervention was carried out on 139 students…
Stepwise regression building procedures are commonly used applied statistical tools, despite their well-known drawbacks. While many of their limitations have been widely discussed in the literature, other aspects of the use of individual…
Quantifying the effects of amino acid mutations in proteins presents a significant challenge due to the vast combinations of residue sites and amino acid types, making experimental approaches costly and time-consuming. The Potts model has…
Measurement error can often be harmful when estimating causal effects. Two scenarios in which this is the case are in the estimation of (a) the average treatment effect when confounders are measured with error and (b) the natural indirect…
Malnutrition poses a significant threat to global health, resulting from an inadequate intake of essential nutrients that adversely impacts vital organs and overall bodily functioning. Periodic examinations and mass screenings,…
The impact of predictive algorithms on people's lives and livelihoods has been noted in medicine, criminal justice, finance, hiring and admissions. Most of these algorithms are developed using data and human capital from highly developed…
An age-structured fish model with birth and harvesting pulses is established, where birth pulses are responsible for increasing the amount of fish due to the constant multiple placement of juveniles, and harvesting pulses describe the…
Machine learning and deep learning have been celebrating many successes in the application to biological problems, especially in the domain of protein folding. Another equally complex and important question has received relatively little…
This report presents a statistical analysis of the impact of key maternal characteristics, including age, smoking status, parity, height, weight, and gestation period, on newborn birth weight. A realworld dataset comprising 1,236…
Suppose, contrary to fact, in 1950, we had put the cohort of 18 year old non-smoking American men on a stringent mandatory diet that guaranteed that no one would ever weigh more than their baseline weight established at age 18. How would…
Background: While the relations between sleep, cognition and behavior have been extensively studied in adolescents and school-aged children, very little attention has been given to preschoolers. Objective: In this systematic review, our aim…
Obstacle crossing is an essential component of human locomotion, particularly for individuals with lower limb amputations who face elevated risks of imbalance and falls. While prior studies have explored this task, they often lack a…
More children in Shandong Province are stunted than any other province in China. Data on more than 122,000 children show a dramatic increase in height advantage with birth order in Shandong relative to the average of other provinces. We…