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Unstructured clinical notes contain essential patient information but are challenging for physicians to search and interpret efficiently. Although large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in question answering (QA), most existing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Dina Albassam

Evaluating generative models remains a fundamental challenge, particularly when the goal is to reflect human preferences. In this paper, we use music generation as a case study to investigate the gap between automatic evaluation metrics and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-01 Huan Zhang , Jinhua Liang , Huy Phan , Wenwu Wang , Emmanouil Benetos

While subjective assessments have been the gold standard for evaluating speech generation, there is a growing need for objective metrics that are highly correlated with human subjective judgments due to their cost efficiency. This paper…

Opinion summarization sets itself apart from other types of summarization tasks due to its distinctive focus on aspects and sentiments. Although certain automated evaluation methods like ROUGE have gained popularity, we have found them to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Yuchen Shen , Xiaojun Wan

Evaluating large language models (LLMs) is fundamental, particularly in the context of practical applications. Conventional evaluation methods, typically designed primarily for LLM development, yield numerical scores that ignore the user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Yongqiang Ma , Lizhi Qing , Jiawei Liu , Yangyang Kang , Yue Zhang , Wei Lu , Xiaozhong Liu , Qikai Cheng

Automatically evaluating the quality of dialogue responses for unstructured domains is a challenging problem. Unfortunately, existing automatic evaluation metrics are biased and correlate very poorly with human judgements of response…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-18 Ryan Lowe , Michael Noseworthy , Iulian V. Serban , Nicolas Angelard-Gontier , Yoshua Bengio , Joelle Pineau

In recent years, interest has arisen in using machine learning to improve the efficiency of automatic medical consultation and enhance patient experience. In this article, we propose two frameworks to support automatic medical consultation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Wei Chen , Zhiwei Li , Hongyi Fang , Qianyuan Yao , Cheng Zhong , Jianye Hao , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Jiajie Peng , Zhongyu Wei

Automatic evaluation metrics are a crucial component of dialog systems research. Standard language evaluation metrics are known to be ineffective for evaluating dialog. As such, recent research has proposed a number of novel,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-09 Yi-Ting Yeh , Maxine Eskenazi , Shikib Mehri

Natural language generation (NLG) has received increasing attention, which has highlighted evaluation as a central methodological concern. Since human evaluations for these systems are costly, automatic metrics have broad appeal in NLG.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei

Behavioral therapy notes are important for both legal compliance and patient care. Unlike progress notes in physical health, quality standards for behavioral therapy notes remain underdeveloped. To address this gap, we collaborated with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Raj Sanjay Shah , Lei Xu , Qianchu Liu , Jon Burnsky , Drew Bertagnolli , Chaitanya Shivade

Recent model-based reference-free metrics for open-domain dialogue evaluation exhibit promising correlations with human judgment. However, they either perform turn-level evaluation or look at a single dialogue quality dimension. One would…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Chen Zhang , Luis Fernando D'Haro , Qiquan Zhang , Thomas Friedrichs , Haizhou Li

The quality of meeting summaries generated by natural language generation (NLG) systems is hard to measure automatically. Established metrics such as ROUGE and BERTScore have a relatively low correlation with human judgments and fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Frederic Kirstein , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

Response diversity has become an important criterion for evaluating the quality of open-domain dialogue generation models. However, current evaluation metrics for response diversity often fail to capture the semantic diversity of generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Seungju Han , Beomsu Kim , Buru Chang

Background: The increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare documentation necessitates robust methods for evaluating the quality of AI-generated medical notes compared to those written by humans. This paper introduces an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Iyad Sultan

Clinicians spend a significant amount of time inputting free-form textual notes into Electronic Health Records (EHR) systems. Much of this documentation work is seen as a burden, reducing time spent with patients and contributing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-09 Peter J. Liu

Large language models have demonstrated parallel and even superior translation performance compared to neural machine translation (NMT) systems. However, existing comparative studies between them mainly rely on automated metrics, raising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Zhaokun Jiang , Qianxi Lv , Ziyin Zhang , Lei Lei

Automated approaches to answer patient-posed health questions are rising, but selecting among systems requires reliable evaluation. The current gold standard for evaluating the free-text artificial intelligence (AI) responses--human expert…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Sarvesh Soni , Dina Demner-Fushman

Instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently showcased remarkable advancements in their ability to generate fitting responses to natural language instructions. However, many current works rely on manual evaluation to judge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Ansar Aynetdinov , Alan Akbik

Work on instruction-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) has used automatic methods based on text overlap and LLM judgments as cost-effective alternatives to human evaluation. In this paper, we perform a meta-evaluation of such methods and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Ehsan Doostmohammadi , Oskar Holmström , Marco Kuhlmann

Natural Language Generation (NLG) evaluation is a multifaceted task requiring assessment of multiple desirable criteria, e.g., fluency, coherency, coverage, relevance, adequacy, overall quality, etc. Across existing datasets for 6 NLG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Ananya B. Sai , Tanay Dixit , Dev Yashpal Sheth , Sreyas Mohan , Mitesh M. Khapra