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Despite the substantial progress in recent years, the image captioning techniques are still far from being perfect.Sentences produced by existing methods, e.g. those based on RNNs, are often overly rigid and lacking in variability. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-14 Bo Dai , Sanja Fidler , Raquel Urtasun , Dahua Lin

Large-scale, high-quality interaction trajectories are essential for advancing mobile Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents. While existing methods typically rely on labor-intensive human demonstrations or automated model exploration to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Linjia Kang , Zhimin Wang , Yongkang Zhang , Duo Wu , Jinghe Wang , Ming Ma , Haopeng Yan , Zhi Wang

Real-world data collection for embodied agents remains costly and unsafe, calling for scalable, realistic, and simulator-ready 3D environments. However, existing scene-generation systems often rely on rule-based or task-specific pipelines,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Hongchi Xia , Xuan Li , Zhaoshuo Li , Qianli Ma , Jiashu Xu , Ming-Yu Liu , Yin Cui , Tsung-Yi Lin , Wei-Chiu Ma , Shenlong Wang , Shuran Song , Fangyin Wei

Face forgery detection faces a critical challenge: a persistent gap between offline benchmarks and real-world efficacy,which we attribute to the ecological invalidity of training data.This work introduces Agent4FaceForgery to address two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Yingxin Lai , Zitong Yu , Jun Wang , Linlin Shen , Yong Xu , Xiaochun Cao

There is an increasing need in our society to achieve faster advances in Science to tackle urgent problems, such as climate changes, environmental hazards, sustainable energy systems, pandemics, among others. In certain domains like…

Verification and validation are major challenges for developing automated driving systems. A concept that gets more and more recognized for testing in automated driving is scenario-based testing. However, it introduces the problem of what…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Barbara Schütt , Marc Heinrich , Sonja Marahrens , J. Marius Zöllner , Eric Sax

In the past few years, mobile devices have been increasingly replacing traditional computers as their capabilities such as CPU computation, memory, RAM size, and many more, are being enhanced almost to the level of conventional computers.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-02-04 Ibrahim-Anka Salihu , Rosziati Ibrahim , Bestoun S. Ahmed , Kamal Z. Zamli , Asmau Usman

With the emergence of search-enabled generative QA systems, users are increasingly turning to tools that browse, aggregate, and reconcile evidence across multiple sources on their behalf. Yet many widely used QA benchmarks remain answerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Preetam Prabhu Srikar Dammu , Arnav Palkhiwala , Tanya Roosta , Chirag Shah

Cyber-physical systems like autonomous vehicles are tested in simulation before deployment, using domain-specific programs for scenario specification. To aid the testing of autonomous vehicles in simulation, we design a natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Rimvydas Rubavicius , Antonio Valerio Miceli-Barone , Alex Lascarides , Subramanian Ramamoorthy

Training robots in simulation requires diverse 3D scenes that reflect the specific challenges of downstream tasks. However, scenes that satisfy strict task requirements, such as high-clutter environments with plausible spatial arrangement,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Nicholas Pfaff , Hongkai Dai , Sergey Zakharov , Shun Iwase , Russ Tedrake

Designing realistic and adaptive networked threat scenarios remains a core challenge in cybersecurity research and training, still requiring substantial manual effort. While large language models (LLMs) show promise for automated synthesis,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Ana M. Rodriguez , Jaime Acosta , Anantaa Kotal , Aritran Piplai

Generating safety-critical scenarios, which are essential yet difficult to collect at scale, offers an effective method to evaluate the robustness of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Existing methods focus on optimizing adversariality while…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Keyu Chen , Yuheng Lei , Hao Cheng , Haoran Wu , Wenchao Sun , Sifa Zheng

This work evaluates the potential of large language models (LLMs) to power digital assistants capable of complex action execution. These assistants rely on pre-trained programming knowledge to execute multi-step goals by composing objects…

Advancements in Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) have brought significant benefits, but also raised concerns regarding their safety. Virtual tests are common practices to ensure the safety of ADS because they are more efficient and safer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Jiangnan Zhao , Dehui Du , Xing Yu , Hang Li

Generating robot demonstrations through simulation is widely recognized as an effective way to scale up robot data. Previous work often trained reinforcement learning agents to generate expert policies, but this approach lacks sample…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Yang Jin , Jun Lv , Shuqiang Jiang , Cewu Lu

Executing complex terminal tasks remains a significant challenge for open-weight LLMs, constrained by two fundamental limitations. First, high-fidelity, executable training environments are scarce: environments synthesized from real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Kaijie Zhu , Yuzhou Nie , Yijiang Li , Yiming Huang , Jialian Wu , Jiang Liu , Ximeng Sun , Zhenfei Yin , Lun Wang , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum , William Yang Wang , Wenbo Guo

Before autonomous systems can be deployed in safety-critical applications, we must be able to understand and verify the safety of these systems. For cases where the risk or cost of real-world testing is prohibitive, we propose a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Charles Dawson , Chuchu Fan

Scenario-based testing is a promising method to develop, verify and validate automated driving systems (ADS) since pure on-road testing seems inefficient for complex traffic environments. A major challenge for this approach is the provision…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Michael Schuldes , Christoph Glasmacher , Lutz Eckstein

This paper considers the problem of autonomous multi-agent cooperative target search in an unknown environment using a decentralized framework under a no-communication scenario. The targets are considered as static targets and the agents…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Titas Bera , Rajarshi Bardhan , Sundaram Suresh

This paper introduces UniGen, a novel approach to generating new traffic scenarios for evaluating and improving autonomous driving software through simulation. Our approach models all driving scenario elements in a unified model: the…

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