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Companies offering web services routinely run randomized online experiments to estimate the causal impact associated with the adoption of new features and policies on key performance metrics of interest. These experiments are used to…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-13 Lorenzo Masoero , Doug Hains , James McQueen

Randomized rounding is a technique that was originally used to approximate hard offline discrete optimization problems from a mathematical programming relaxation. Since then it has also been used to approximately solve sequential stochastic…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Will Ma

Quantum pigeonhole principle states that if there are three pigeons and two boxes then there are instances where no two pigeons are in the same box which seems to defy classical pigeonhole counting principle. Here, we investigate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-30 Narendra N. Hegade , Antariksha Das , Swarnadeep Seth , Prasanta K. Panigrahi

Adaptive sample size re-estimation, early stopping, and trial re-design at interim analyses can reduce expected sample sizes in randomised trials. Cluster randomised trials, in which groups of participants are randomly allocated to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-09 Samuel I. Watson , James Martin

Matching problems with group-fairness constraints and diversity constraints have numerous applications such as in allocation problems, committee selection, school choice, etc. Moreover, online matching problems have lots of applications in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Anand Louis , Meghana Nasre , Prajakta Nimbhorkar , Govind S. Sankar

This study addresses the challenge of online learning in contexts where agents accumulate disparate data, face resource constraints, and use different local algorithms. This paper introduces the Switched Online Learning Algorithm (SOLA),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Darshan Gadginmath , Shivanshu Tripathi , Fabio Pasqualetti

In online interval scheduling, the input is an online sequence of intervals, and the goal is to accept a maximum number of non-overlapping intervals. In the more general disjoint path allocation problem, the input is a sequence of requests,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Joan Boyar , Lene M. Favrholdt , Shahin Kamali , Kim S. Larsen

Experiments on online marketplaces and social networks suffer from interference, where the outcome of a unit is impacted by the treatment status of other units. We propose a framework for modeling interference using a ubiquitous deployment…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-21 Ariel Boyarsky , Hongseok Namkoong , Jean Pouget-Abadie

Online controlled experiments (A/B tests) have become the gold standard for learning the impact of new product features in technology companies. Randomization enables the inference of causality from an A/B test. The randomized assignment…

Applications · Statistics 2022-12-20 Qike Li , Samir Jamkhande , Pavel Kochetkov , Pai Liu

Online controlled experimentation is widely adopted for evaluating new features in the rapid development cycle for web products and mobile applications. Measurement of the overall experiment sample is a common practice to quantify the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Zhenyu Zhao , Yan He , Miao Chen

Paired cluster-randomized experiments (pCRTs) are common across many disciplines because there is often natural clustering of individuals, and paired randomization can help balance baseline covariates to improve experimental precision.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-03 Charlotte Z. Mann , Adam C. Sales , Johann A. Gagnon-Bartsch

A/B tests serve the purpose of reliably identifying the effect of changes introduced in online services. It is common for online platforms to run a large number of simultaneous experiments by splitting incoming user traffic randomly in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Alexander Buchholz , Vito Bellini , Giuseppe Di Benedetto , Yannik Stein , Matteo Ruffini , Fabian Moerchen

Online controlled experiments, such as A/B-tests, are commonly used by modern tech companies to enable continuous system improvements. Despite their paramount importance, A/B-tests are expensive: by their very definition, a percentage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Shubham Baweja , Neeti Pokharna , Aleksei Ustimenko , Olivier Jeunen

We consider in this paper the problem of optimal experiment design where a decision maker can choose which points to sample to obtain an estimate $\hat{\beta}$ of the hidden parameter $\beta^{\star}$ of an underlying linear model. The key…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-01 Xavier Fontaine , Pierre Perrault , Michal Valko , Vianney Perchet

Firms implementing digital advertising campaigns face a complex problem in determining the right match between their advertising creatives and target audiences. Typical solutions to the problem have leveraged non-experimental methods, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Tong Geng , Xiliang Lin , Harikesh S. Nair

Group sequential designs drive innovation in clinical, industrial, and corporate settings. Early stopping for failure in sequential designs conserves experimental resources, whereas early stopping for success accelerates access to improved…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-27 Luke Hagar , Shirin Golchi , Marina B. Klein

Observational studies often benefit from an abundance of observational units. This can lead to studies that -- while challenged by issues of internal validity -- have inferences derived from sample sizes substantially larger than randomized…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-24 Rachael C. Aikens , Dylan Greaves , Michael Baiocchi

Rerandomization is a modern experimental design technique that repeatedly randomizes treatment assignments until covariates are deemed balanced between treatment groups. This enhances the precision and coherence of causal effect estimators,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-08 Antônio Carlos Herling Ribeiro Junior , Zach Branson

This paper studies inference in two-stage randomized experiments under covariate-adaptive randomization. In the initial stage of this experimental design, clusters (e.g., households, schools, or graph partitions) are stratified and randomly…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-16 Jizhou Liu

We propose a method for constructing optimal block designs for experiments on networks. The response model for a given network interference structure extends the linear network effects model to incorporate blocks. The optimality criteria…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-26 Vasiliki Koutra , Steven G. Gilmour , Ben M. Parker